Hellings PW, Fokkens WJ, Orlandi R, Adriaensen GF, Alobid I, Baroody FM, et al. The EUFOREA pocket guide for chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhin. 2022. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin22.344.

Article  Google Scholar 

Fokkens WJ, Viskens A-S, Backer V, Conti D, De Corso E, Gevaert P, et al. EPOS/EUFOREA update on indication and evaluation of Biologics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps 2023. Rhinology. 2023;61(3):194–202. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin22.489.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mullol J, Sastre J, Domínguez-Ortega J, Blanco- Aparicio M, Castillo Vizuete JA, Alobid I, et al. Prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis without/with nasal polyps according to severity in Spain. Rhinology. 2024. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin23.341.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fokkens WJ, De Corso E, Backer V, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Bjermer L, Von Buchwald C, et al. EPOS2020/EUFOREA expert opinion on defining disease states and therapeutic goals in CRSwNP. Rhinology. 2024. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin23.415.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sedaghat AR, Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Hellings PW, Kern RC, Reitsma S, et al. Consensus criteria for chronic rhinosinusitis disease control: an international Delphi Study. Rhinology. 2023;61:519–30. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin23.335.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ebina-Shibuya R, Leonard WJ. Role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in allergy and beyond. Nat Rev Immunol. 2023;23:24–37. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-022-00735-y.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Smolinska S, Antolín-Amérigo D, Popescu F-D, Jutel M. Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP), Its Isoforms and the Interplay with the Epithelium in Allergy and Asthma. IJMS. 2023;24:12725. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612725.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Menzies-Gow A, Corren J, Bourdin A, Chupp G, Israel E, Wechsler ME, et al. Tezepelumab in Adults and Adolescents with Severe. Uncontrolled Asthma N Engl J Med. 2021;384:1800–9. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2034975.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gauvreau GM, Hohlfeld JM, FitzGerald JM, Boulet L-P, Cockcroft DW, Davis BE, et al. Inhaled anti-TSLP antibody fragment, ecleralimab, blocks responses to allergen in mild asthma. Eur Respir J. 2023;61:2201193. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01193-2022.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hoy SM. Tezepelumab: First Approval. Drugs. 2022;82:461–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-022-01679-2.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khan A, Vandeplas G, Huynh TMT, Joish VN, Mannent L, Tomassen P, et al. The Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GALEN rhinosinusitis cohort: a large European cross-sectional study of chronic rhinosinusitis patients with and without nasal polyps. Rhin. 2019;57:32–42. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin17.255.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Khan AH, Gouia I, Kamat S, Johnson R, Small M, Siddall J. Prevalence and Severity Distribution of Type 2 Inflammation-Related Comorbidities Among Patients with Asthma, Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps, and Atopic Dermatitis. Lung. 2023;201:57–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-023-00603-z.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Canonica GW, Malvezzi L, Blasi F, Paggiaro P, Mantero M, Senna G, et al. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps impact in severe asthma patients: Evidences from the Severe Asthma Network Italy (SANI) registry. Respir Med. 2020;166:105947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2020.105947.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Håkansson K, Bachert C, Konge L, Thomsen SF, Pedersen AE, Poulsen SS, et al. Airway Inflammation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps and Asthma: The United Airways Concept Further Supported. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0127228. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127228.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bachert C, Vignola AM, Gevaert P, Leynaert B, Van Cauwenberge P, Bousquet J. Allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, and asthma: one airway disease. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2004;24:19–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-8561(03)00104-8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang M, Bu X, Luan G, Lin L, Wang Y, Jin J, et al. Distinct type 2-high inflammation associated molecular signatures of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps with comorbid asthma. Clin Transl Allergy. 2020;10:26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13601-020-00332-z.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chapurin N, Wu J, Labby AB, Chandra RK, Chowdhury NI, Turner JH. Current insight into treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis: Phenotypes, endotypes, and implications for targeted therapeutics. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;150:22–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2022.04.013.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bachert C, Pawankar R, Zhang L, Bunnag C, Fokkens WJ, Hamilos DL, et al. ICON: chronic rhinosinusitis. World Allergy Organ J. 2014;7:25. https://doi.org/10.1186/1939-4551-7-25.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Laidlaw TM, Mullol J, Woessner KM, Amin N, Mannent LP. Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps and Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;9:1133–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2020.09.063.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hulse KE, Stevens WW, Tan BK, Schleimer RP. Pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. Clin Experimental Allergy. 2015;45:328–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.12472.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cho SH, Hamilos DL, Han DH, Laidlaw TM. Phenotypes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;8:1505–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2019.12.021.

Article  Google Scholar 

Huang C-C, Chang P-H, Huang Y-L, Lee T-J, Huang C-C, Wu P-W. Clinical Characteristics of Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps in Adolescents. JAA. 2023;16:1197–206. https://doi.org/10.2147/JAA.S437876.

Article  Google Scholar 

Soumelis V, Reche PA, Kanzler H, Yuan W, Edward G, Homey B, et al. Human epithelial cells trigger dendritic cell–mediated allergic inflammation by producing TSLP. Nat Immunol. 2002;3:673–80. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni805.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reche PA, Soumelis V, Gorman DM, Clifford T, Liu M, Travis M, et al. Human Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Preferentially Stimulates Myeloid Cells. J Immunol. 2001;167:336–43. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.167.1.336.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ito T, Wang Y-H, Duramad O, Hori T, Delespesse GJ, Watanabe N, et al. TSLP-activated dendritic cells induce an inflammatory T helper type 2 cell response through OX40 ligand. J Exp Med. 2005;202:1213–23. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20051135.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wei Y, Ma R, Zhang J, Wu X, Yu G, Hu X, et al. Excessive periostin expression and Th2 response in patients with nasal polyps: association with asthma. J Thorac Dis. 2018;10:6585–97. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2018.11.12.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dogan M, Sahin M, Yenisey C. Increased TSLP, IL-33, IL-25, IL-19, IL 21 and amphiregulin (AREG) levels in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-019-05379-8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu T, Zhao F, Xie C, Liu A-M, Li T-L, Chen X, et al. Role of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin in the Pathogenesis of Nasal Polyposis. Am J Med Sci. 2011;341:40–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181f20489.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang B-F, Cao P-P, Norton JE, Poposki JA, Klingler AI, Suh LA, et al. Evidence that oncostatin M synergizes with IL-4 signaling to induce TSLP expression in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023;151:1379-1390.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2022.11.029.

Article  CAS