Vestergaard P. Epilepsy, osteoporosis and fracture risk - a meta-analysis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2005;112(5):277–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.2005.00474.x. (PMID: 16218908).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Andersen NB, Jørgensen NR. Impaired bone health as a co-morbidity of epilepsy. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2022;36(3):101755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2022.101755. (Epub 2022 Jun 2. PMID: 35659828).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Babunovska M, Jovanovski A, Boskovski B, Foteva M, Kuzmanovski I, Trencevska GK, et al. Fractures in people with epilepsy: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Epilepsia Open. 2023;8(3):1028–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/epi4.12776. (Epub 2023 Jun 25. PMID: 37335272; PMCID: PMC10472370).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shiek Ahmad B, Hill KD, O’Brien TJ, Gorelik A, Habib N, Wark JD. Falls and fractures in patients chronically treated with antiepileptic drugs. Neurology. 2012;79(2):145–51. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31825f0466. (Epub 2012 Jun 13 PMID: 22700806).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pack AM, Morrell MJ, Randall A, McMahon DJ, Shane E. Bone health in young women with epilepsy after one year of antiepileptic drug monotherapy. Neurology. 2008;70(18):1586–93. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000310981.44676.de. (PMID:18443309;PMCID:PMC3139539).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee RH, Lyles KW, Colón-Emeric C. A review of the effect of anticonvulsant medications on bone mineral density and fracture risk. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2010;8(1):34–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjopharm.2010.02.003. (PMID:20226391;PMCID:PMC3570810).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Babayigit A, Dirik E, Bober E, Cakmakci H. Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs on bone mineral density. Pediatr Neurol. 2006;35(3):177–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2006.03.004. (PMID: 16939856).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mintzer S, Boppana P, Toguri J, DeSantis A. Vitamin D levels and bone turnover in epilepsy patients taking carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine. Epilepsia. 2006;47(3):510–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00460.x. (PMID: 16529614).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim SH, Lee JW, Choi KG, Chung HW, Lee HW. A 6-month longitudinal study of bone mineral density with antiepileptic drug monotherapy. Epilepsy Behav. 2007;10(2):291–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.11.007. (Epub 2007 Jan 16 PMID: 17224308).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tannirandorn P, Epstein S. Drug-induced bone loss. Osteoporos Int. 2000;11(8):637–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001980070062. (PMID: 11095167).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pack AM. The association between antiepileptic drugs and bone disease. Epilepsy Curr. 2003;3(3):91–5. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1535-7597.2003.03306.x. (PMID:15309069;PMCID:PMC321183).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cansu A, Yesilkaya E, Serdaroğlu A, Hirfanoğlu TL, Camurdan O, Gülbahar O, et al. Evaluation of bone turnover in epileptic children using oxcarbazepine. Pediatr Neurol. 2008;39(4):266–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2008.07.001. (PMID: 18805365).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ecevit C, Aydoğan A, Kavakli T, Altinöz S. Effect of carbamazepine and valproate on bone mineral density. Pediatr Neurol. 2004;31(4):279–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.03.021. (PMID: 15464641).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Dib L, Yamout B, Sawaya R, Mikati MA. Predictors of bone density in ambulatory patients on antiepileptic drugs. Bone. 2008;43(1):149–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2008.03.002. (Epub 2008 Mar 15 PMID: 18467202).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guo Y, Lin Z, Huang Y, Yu L. Effects of valproate, lamotrigine, and levetiracetam monotherapy on bone health in newly diagnosed adult patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2020;113: 107489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107489. (Epub 2020 Nov 18 PMID: 33220583).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beniczky SA, Viken J, Jensen LT, Andersen NB. Bone mineral density in adult patients treated with various antiepileptic drugs. Seizure. 2012;21(6):471–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2012.04.002. (Epub 2012 Apr 26 PMID: 22541979).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Andress DL, Ozuna J, Tirschwell D, Grande L, Johnson M, Jacobson AF, et al. Antiepileptic drug-induced bone loss in young male patients who have seizures. Arch Neurol. 2002;59(5):781–6. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.59.5.781. (PMID: 12020260).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jetté N, Lix LM, Metge CJ, Prior HJ, McChesney J, Leslie WD. Association of antiepileptic drugs with nontraumatic fractures: a population-based analysis. Arch Neurol. 2011;68(1):107–12. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2010.341. (PMID: 21220681).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fan HC, Lee HS, Chang KP, Lee YY, Lai HC, Hung PL, et al. The impact of anti-epileptic drugs on growth and bone metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(8):1242. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17081242. (PMID:27490534;PMCID:PMC5000640).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gözükızıl ST, Aydın Z, Yalçın AD. Relationship between bone density and levetiracetam monotherapy in epilepsy patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2022;218: 107270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107270. (Epub 2022 Apr 27 PMID: 35623138).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Griepp DW, Kim DJ, Ganz M, Dolphin EJ, Sotudeh N, Burekhovich SA, et al. The effects of antiepileptic drugs on bone health: a systematic review. Epilepsy Res. 2021;173: 106619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106619. (Epub 2021 Mar 19 PMID: 33774428).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sheth RD. Bone health in pediatric epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2004;5(Suppl 2):S30–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.11.025. (PMID: 15123009).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barbieri MA, Perucca E, Spina E, Rota P, Franco V. Cenobamate: A review of its pharmacological properties, clinical efficacy and tolerability profile in the treatment of epilepsy. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2023;22(3):394–403. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871527321666220113110044. (PMID: 35049441).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chung SS, French JA, Kowalski J, Krauss GL, Krauss Lee SK, Maciejowski M, et al. Randomized phase 2 study of adjunctive cenobamate in patients with uncontrolled focal seizures. Neurology. 2020;94(22):e2311–22. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009530. (Epub 2020 May 14. PMID: 32409485; PMCID: PMC7357293).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Krauss GL, Klein P, Brandt C, Lee SK, Milanov I, Milovanovic M, et al. Safety and efficacy of adjunctive cenobamate (YKP3089) in patients with uncontrolled focal seizures: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-response trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(1):38–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30399-0. (Epub 2019 Nov 14. Erratum in: Lancet Neurol. 2020 Mar;19(3):e3. 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30038-7. PMID: 31734103).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Peña-Ceballos J, Moloney PB, Munteanu T, Doyle M, Colleran N, Liggan B, et al. Adjunctive cenobamate in highly active and ultra-refractory focal epilepsy: a “real-world” retrospective study. Epilepsia. 2023;64(5):1225–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.17549. (Epub 2023 Feb 27 PMID: 36790345).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Villanueva V, Santos-Carrasco D, Cabezudo-García P, Gómez-Ibáñez A, Garcés M, Serrano-Castro P, et al. Real-world safety and effectiveness of cenobamate in patients with focal onset seizures: Outcomes from an Expanded Access Program. Epilepsia Open. 2023;8(3):918–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/epi4.12757. (Epub 2023 May 21. PMID: 37149853; PMCID: PMC10472366).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Steinhoff BJ. Cenobamate tablets as a treatment for focal-onset seizures in adults. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2021;14(2):161–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2021.1879637. (Epub 2021 Jan 26 PMID: 33470139).

Article  CAS  PubMed