C.E.-M. has served on advisory boards related to type 1 diabetes mellitus research clinical trial initiatives: Provention Bio, Dompe, Isla Technologies, and MaiCell Technologies. C.E.-M. serves as President of the Immunology of Diabetes Society (IDS), Co-Executive Director of nPOD, Investigator and Study Chair in TrialNet, and Co-PI of the NIH Integrated Islet Distribution Program (IIDP). These activities have not dealt directly with topics covered in this manuscript. C.E.-M. is a co-inventor on Patent (16/291,668): Extracellular Vesicle Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Cargo as a Biomarker of Hyperglycemia and Type 1 Diabetes. C.E.-M. has received investigator-initiated grant funding from Astellas and Lilly Pharmaceuticals and in-kind research support from BMS and Nimbus.