Ford AC, Mahadeva S, Carbone MF, Lacy BE, Talley NJ. Functional dyspepsia. Lancet. 2020;396(10263):1689–702.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Enck P, Azpiroz F, Boeckxstaens G, et al. Functional dyspepsia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17081.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wauters L, Talley NJ, Walker MM, Tack J, Vanuytsel T. Novel concepts in the pathophysiology and treatment of functional dyspepsia. Gut. 2020;69(3):591–600.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mahadeva S, Ford AC. Clinical and epidemiological differences in functional dyspepsia between the East and the West. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016;28(2):167–74.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Powell N, Walker MM, Talley NJ. The mucosal immune system: master regulator of bidirectional gut-brain communications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;14(3):143–59.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Muth ER, Koch KL, Stern RM. Significance of autonomic nervous system activity in functional dyspepsia. Dig Dis Sci. 2000;45(5):854–63.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saper CB. The central autonomic nervous system: conscious visceral perception and autonomic pattern generation. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2002;25:433–69.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pang B, Jiang T, Du YH, Li J, Li B, Hu YC, Cai QH. Acupuncture for functional dyspepsia: what strength does it have? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:3862916.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guo Y, Wei W, Chen JD. Effects and mechanisms of acupuncture and electroacupuncture for functional dyspepsia: a systematic review. World J Gastroenterol. 2020;26(19):2440–57.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang N, Hou L, Yan P, et al. Electro-acupuncture vs. sham electro-acupuncture for chronic severe functional constipation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2020;54:102521.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chung VC, Wong CH, Wu IX, et al. Electroacupuncture plus on-demand gastrocaine for refractory functional dyspepsia: pragmatic randomized trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;34(12):2077–85.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zheng H, Xu J, Sun X, et al. Electroacupuncture for patients with refractory functional dyspepsia: a randomized controlled trial. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2018;30(7): e13316.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lima FA, Ferreira LE, Pace FH. Acupuncture effectiveness as a complementary therapy in functional dyspepsia patients. Arq Gastroenterol. 2013;50(3):202–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang JW, Wang LQ, Zou X, et al. Effect of acupuncture for postprandial distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172(12):777–85.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu Y, Zhang S, Ye F, Yin J, Li S, Chen J. Ameliorating effects and mechanisms of chronic electroacupuncture at ST36 in a rodent model of dyspepsia induced by cisplatin. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2019;31(1): e13474.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu C-Z. Relationship between acupuncture and the autonomic nervous system. Acupuncture Herbal Med. 2023;3(03):137–8.

Google Scholar 

Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D. CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. Trials. 2010;11:32.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sawathanon S, Promchan D, Thongwong M, Wangkulangkul P, Cheewatanakornkul S, Keeratichananont S, Yolsuriyanwong K. Impact of preoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy in patients undergoing bariatric surgery and development of a model to predict clinically significant abnormal endoscopic findings. Surg Endosc. 2023;37(3):2202–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schumacher B, Charton JP, Nordmann T, Vieth M, Enderle M, Neuhaus H. Endoscopic submucosal dissection of early gastric neoplasia with a water jet-assisted knife: a Western, single-center experience. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;75(6):1166–74.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Miller SM, Goldstein JL, Gerson LB. Cost-effectiveness model of endoscopic biopsy for eosinophilic esophagitis in patients with refractory GERD. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106(8):1439–45.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tu JF, Yang JW, Wang LQ, et al. Acupuncture for postprandial distress syndrome: a randomized controlled pilot trial. Acupunct Med. 2020;38(5):301–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Hou YQ, Yang JW, et al. Acupuncture of different treatment frequency in postprandial distress syndrome: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020;32(6): e13812.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen P, Chen AP. Clinical observation of “experienced ten acupoints” for functional dyspepsia of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2020;40(11):1169–71.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zeng F, Qin W, Ma T, et al. Influence of acupuncture treatment on cerebral activity in functional dyspepsia patients and its relationship with efficacy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(8):1236–47.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Talley NJ, Verlinden M, Jones M. Validity of a new quality of life scale for functional dyspepsia: a United States multicenter trial of the Nepean Dyspepsia Index. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94(9):2390–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67(6):361–70.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, Nakazato M, Matsuo H, Kangawa K. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature. 1999;402(6762):656–60.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Młynarska E, Gadzinowska J, Tokarek J, Forycka J, Szuman A, Franczyk B, Rysz J. The role of the microbiome-brain-gut axis in the pathogenesis of depressive disorder. Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1921.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nakazato M, Murakami N, Date Y, Kojima M, Matsuo H, Kangawa K, Matsukura S. A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding. Nature. 2001;409(6817):194–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tack J, Depoortere I, Bisschops R, Verbeke K, Janssens J, Peeters T. Influence of ghrelin on gastric emptying and meal-related symptoms in idiopathic gastroparesis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;22(9):847–53.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yamawaki H, Futagami S, Kawagoe T, et al. Improvement of meal-related symptoms and epigastric pain in patients with functional dyspepsia treated with acotiamide was associated with acylated ghrelin levels in Japan. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016;28(7):1037–47.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Browning KN, Travagli RA. Central nervous system control of gastrointestinal motility and secretion and modulation of gastrointestinal functions. Compr Physiol. 2014;4(4):1339–68.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li H, Page AJ. Altered vagal signaling and its pathophysiological roles in functional dyspepsia. Front Neurosci. 2022;16: 858612.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tait C, Sayuk GS. The brain-gut-microbiotal axis: a framework for understanding functional GI illness and their therapeutic interventions. Eur J Intern Med. 2021;84:1–9.