Alexander Kleger and Christian Bolenz jointly supervised the project.

Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany

Michael Karl Melzer, Yanchun Ma, Clara Morgenstern, Felix Wezel, Friedemann Zengerling, Cagatay Günes & Christian Bolenz

Institute for Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany

Michael Karl Melzer, Clara Morgenstern & Alexander Kleger

Institute of Pathology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany

Nadine Therese Gaisa

Core Facility Organoids, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

Jessica Lindenmayer & Alexander Kleger

Section for Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Clinic for Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany

Alexander Kleger

M.K.M., F.W., F.Z., A.K., C.B. initiated the project. M.K.M., J.L., C.G., A.K., C.B. designed the experiments. M.K.M., Y.M., J.L., C.M., N.T.G. performed the experiments. M.K.M., Y.M. performed patient selection, inclusion, and collected clinical data. J.L., F.W., F.Z., C.G., N.G., A.K., C.B. provided resources and reagents. M.K.M., A.K., C.B. wrote the initial draft of the manuscript. M.K.M., F.Z., A.K., C.B. acquired funding for the project. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

Correspondence to Michael Karl Melzer, Alexander Kleger or Christian Bolenz.