Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China

Feng Bi & Xiaofen Li

Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital & The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University & Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan Province, China

Jian Dong

Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong Province, China

Chuan Jin

Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, China

Zuoxing Niu

Department of Digestive, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi Province, China

Wenhui Yang

Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, 236000, Anhui Province, China

Yifu He

The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui Province, China

Dajun Yu

Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, 250013, Shandong Province, China

Meili Sun

Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China

Teng Wang

Department of Digestive and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China

Xianli Yin

Department of Gastroenterology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050010, Hebei Province, China

Ruixing Zhang

Department of Medical Oncology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China

Kehe Chen

Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu Province, China

Keming Wang

Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Tangshan People’s Hospital, Tangshan, 063001, Hebei Province, China

Zhiwu Wang

Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China

Wei Li

Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China

Zhongtao Zhang

Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China

Hangyu Zhang

Department of Hematology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang, Wenzhou Medical College, Taizhou, 31700, Zhejiang Province, China

Qunyi Guo

Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University of PLA, Xi’an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China

Xin Wang

Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong Province, China

Lei Han

Department of Oncology, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu Province, China

Xizhi Zhang

Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China

Wei Shen

Department of Medical Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, Shandong Province, China

Liangming Zhang

Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang Province, China

Jieer Ying

Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan Province, China

Miao Wu

Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China

Weiguo Hu

Department of Oncology, 3201 Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi Province, China

Zeng Li

Clinical Research and Development Center, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250100, Shandong Province, China

Wenlei Feng, Baihui Zhang, Lingyan Li & Xiaoyan Kang

Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Xuhui District, 270 Dong-an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China

Weijian Guo

Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China

Weijian Guo

WG, FB, WF, LL, and XK were instrumental in the design of the trial and provided essential administrative support. WF, FB, JC, CJ, ZX, WY, YH, DY, MS, TW, XY, RZ, KK, KW, ZW, WL, ZZ, HZ, QG, XW, LH, XZ, WS, LZ, JY, MW, WH, and ZL played key roles in the collection of materials and patient data. WF and BZ were actively involved in both data collection and analysis. BZ conducted the data analysis. FB, LL, and WG contributed significantly to the interpretation of the data.