Beaven CM, Maulder P, Pooley A, Kilduff L, Cook C (2013) Effects of caffeine and carbohydrate mouth rinses on repeated sprint performance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 38(6):633–637. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2012-0333

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Best R, McDonald K, Hurst P, Pickering C (2021) Can taste be ergogenic? Eur J Nutr 60(1):45–54

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bottoms L, Hurst H, Scriven A, Lynch F, Bolton J, Vercoe L, Shone Z, Barry G, Sinclair J (2014) The effect of caffeine mouth rinse on self-paced cycling performance. Comp Exerc Physiol 10(4):239–245. https://doi.org/10.3920/CEP140015

Article  Google Scholar 

Brugnolo A, De Carli F, Accardo J, Amore M, Bosia LE, Bruzzaniti C, Cappa SF, Cocito L, Colazzo G, Ferrara M, Ghio L, Magi E, Mancardi GL, Nobili F, Pardini M, Rissotto R, Serrati C, Girtler N (2016) An updated Italian normative dataset for the Stroop color word test (SCWT). Neurol Sci 37(3):365–372

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chan EY, Maglio SJ (2019) Coffee cues elevate arousal and reduce level of construal. Conscious Cogn 70:57–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2019.02.007

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

da Silva WF, Lopes-Silva JP, Camati Felippe LJ, Ferreira GA, Lima-Silva AE, Silva-Cavalcante MD (2023) Is caffeine mouth rinsing an effective strategy to improve physical and cognitive performance? A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 63(3):438–446

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

De Pauw K, Roelands B, Knaepen K, Polfliet M, Stiens J, Meeusen R (2015) Effects of caffeine and maltodextrin mouth rinsing on P300, brain imaging, and cognitive performance. J Appl Physiol 118(6):776–782. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01050.2014

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Deslandes AC, Veiga H, Cagy M, Piedade R, Pzompeu F, Ribeiro P (2005) Effects of caffeine on the electrophysiological, cognitive and motor responses of the central nervous system. Braz J Med Biol Res 38(7):1077–1086. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2005000700011

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Diukova A, Ware J, Smith JE, Evans CJ, Murphy K, Rogers PJ, Wise RG (2012) Separating neural and vascular effects of caffeine using simultaneous EEG–FMRI: differential effects of caffeine on cognitive and sensorimotor brain responses. NeuroImage 62(1):239–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.041

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dixit A, Goyal A, Thawani R, Vaney N (2012) Effect of caffeine on information processing: evidence from stroop task. Indian J Psychol Med 34(3):218–222

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Doering TM, Fell JW, Leveritt MD, Desbrow B, Shing CM (2014) The effect of a caffeinated mouth-rinse on endurance cycling time-trial performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 24(1):90–97. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0103

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Durlach PJ (1998) The effects of a low dose of caffeine on cognitive performance. Psychopharmacology 140:116–119

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Edwards S, Brice C, Craig C, Penri-Jones R (1996) Effects of caffeine, practice, and mode of presentation on Stroop task performance. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 54(2):309–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(95)02116-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ehlert AM, Twiddy HM, Wilson PB (2020) The effects of caffeine mouth rinsing on exercise performance: a systematic review. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 30(5):362–373. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0083

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gam S, Guelfi KJ, Fournier PA (2014) Mouth rinsing and ingesting a bitter solution improves sprint cycling performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 46(8):1648–1657. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000271

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goldstein ER, Ziegenfuss T, Kalman D, Kreider R, Campbell B, Wilborn C, Taylor L, Willoughby D, Stout J, Graves BS, Wildman R, Ivy JL, Spano M, Smith AE, Antonio J (2010) International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 7:5

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guest NS, VanDusseldorp TA, Nelson MT, Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Jenkins NDM, Arent SM, Antonio J, Stout JR, Trexler ET, Smith-Ryan AE, Goldstein ER, Kalman DS, Campbell BI (2021) International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr Jan 2(1):18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00383-4

Article  Google Scholar 

Jeukendrup AE, McLaughlin J (2011) Carbohydrate ingestion during exercise: effects on performance, training adaptations and trainability of the gut. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser 69:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1159/000329268

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kalmar JM, Cafarelli E (2004) Caffeine: a valuable tool to study central fatigue in humans? Exerc Sport Sci Rev 32(4):143–147

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Karakaş S, Erdoğan E, Soysal Ş, Ulusoy T, Yüceyurt Ulusoy İ, Alkan S (1999) Stroop test TBAG form: standardisation for Turkish culture, reliability and validity. Turkish J Clin Psychiatry 2(2):75–88 [Turkish]

Google Scholar 

Karayigit R, Koz M, Sánchez-Gómez A, Naderi A, Yildirim UC, Domínguez R, Gur F (2021a) High dose of caffeine mouth rinse increases resistance training performance in men. Nutrients 13(11):3800. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113800

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Karayigit R, Ali A, Rezaei S, Ersoz G, Lago-Rodriguez A, Domínguez R, Naderi A (2021b) Effects of carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinsing on strength, muscular endurance and cognitive performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 18:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-021-00462-0

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Krompinger JW, Simons RF (2011) Cognitive inefficiency in depressive undergraduates: stroop processing and ERPs. Biol Psychol 86(3):239–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.12.004

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lieberman HR, Tharion WJ, Shukitt-Hale B, Speckman KL, Tulley R (2002) Effects of caffeine, sleep loss, and stress on cognitive performance and mood during US Navy SEAL training. Psychopharmacology. 164(3):250–261

Lorenzo Calvo J, Fei X, Domínguez R, Pareja-Galeano H (2021) Caffeine and cognitive functions in sports: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 13(3):868. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030868

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

MacLeod CM (1991) Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: an integrative review. Psychol Bull 109(2):163–203. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.163

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Matsumoto I (2013) Gustatory neural pathways revealed by genetic tracing from taste receptor cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 77(7):1359–1362. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.130117

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McLellan TM, Caldwell JA, Lieberman HR (2016) A review of caffeine’s effects on cognitive, physical and occupational performance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 71:294–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.001

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Milham MP, Banich MT, Claus ED, Cohen NJ (2003) Practice-related effects demonstrate complementary roles of anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices in attentional control. NeuroImage 18(2):483–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(02)00050-2

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mueller ST, Piper BJ (2014) The psychology experiment building language (PEBL) and PEBL test battery. J Neurosci Methods 222:250–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.10.024

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Öner N, Le Compte A (1983) Handbook of state-trait anxiety inventory. Boğaziçi University Printing House, İstanbul. [Turkish]

Google Scholar 

Pallares JG, Fernandez-Elias VE, Ortega JF, Munoz G, Munoz-Guerra J, Mora-Rodriguez R (2013) Neuromuscular responses to incremental caffeine doses: performance and side effects. Med Sci Sports Exerc 45(11):2184–2192. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31829a6672