Carlsson S, Vickers A. Spotlight on prostate cancer: the latest evidence and current controversies. BMC Med. 2015;13:60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-015-0311-x.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Carlsson SV, Vickers AJ. Screening for Prostate Cancer. Med Clin N Am. 2020;104(6):1051–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2020.08.007.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

World Health Organisation (WHO). WHO Report On Cancer: Setting Priorities, Investing Wisely And Providing Care For All. 2020. In: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-report-on-cancer-setting-priorities-investing-wisely-and-providing-care-for-all. Accessed 25 Oct 2020.

Giona S. The Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer. In: Bott SRJ, Ng KL, editors. Prostate Cancer. Brisbane (AU): Exon, 2021; Chapter 1. https://doi.org/10.36255/exonpublications.prostatecancer.epidemiology.2021.

Taitt HE. Global Trends and Prostate Cancer: A Review of Incidence, Detection, and Mortality as Influenced by Race, Ethnicity, and Geographic Location. Am J Mens Health. 2018;12(6):1807–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988318798279.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rawla P. Epidemiology of prostate cancer. World J Oncol. 2019;10(2):63–89. https://doi.org/10.14740/wjon1191.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Barsouk A, Padala SA, Vakiti A, Mohammed A, Saginala K, Thandra KC, Rawla P, Barsouk A. Epidemiology, Staging and Management of Prostate Cancer. Med Sci (Basel, Switzerland). 2020;8(3):28. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci8030028.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mustafa M, Salih A, Illzam E, Sharifa A, Suleiman M, Hussain S. Prostate Cancer: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Prognosis. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2016;15(6):4–11. https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1506020411.

Article  Google Scholar 

Nwachukwu F, Foster O. Advances in medical management of prostate cancer: a review. Eur J Biomed Pharm Sci. 2019;6(5):92–6.

CAS  Google Scholar 

National Health Service. Prostate Cancer - Symptoms. 2021 from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/prostate-cancer/symptoms. Accessed 29 Oct 2021.

Thompson JC, Wood J, Feuer D. Prostate cancer: palliative care and pain relief. Br Med Bull. 2007;83(1):341–54. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldm018.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Teo MY, Rathkopf DE, Kantoff P. Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer. Annu Rev Med. 2019;70:471–99. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-051517-011947.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Litwin MS, Tan HJ. The Diagnosis and Treatment of Prostate Cancer: A Review. JAMA. 2017;317(24):2532–42. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.7248.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leslie S, Soon-Sutton T, Sajjad H, Siref L. Prostate Cancer Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2020. from. Accessed 2 Nov 2020.

Simoes G, Sakuramoto P, Santos C, Furlan N, Augusto T. An Overview on Prostate Pathophysiology: New Insights into Prostate Cancer Clinical Diagnosis. Pathophysiol - Altered Physiol States. 2018. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74269.

Article  Google Scholar 

Vickman RE, Franco OE, Moline DC, Vander Griend DJ, Thumbikat P, Hayward SW. The role of the androgen receptor in prostate development and benign prostatic hyperplasia: A review. Asian J Urol. 2020;7(3):191–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajur.2019.10.003.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Banerjee PP, Banerjee S, Brown TR, Zirkin BR. Androgen action in prostate function and disease. Am J Clin Exp Urol. 2018;6(2):62–77.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Oh M, Alkhushaym N, Fallatah S, Althagafi A, Aljadeed R, Alsowaida Y, Jeter J, Martin JR, Babiker HM, McBride A, Abraham I. The association of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations with prostate cancer risk, frequency, and mortality: A meta-analysis. Prostate. 2019;79(8):880–795. https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.23795.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ge C, Zhao G, Li Y, Li H, Zhao X, Pannone G, Bufo P, Santoro A, Sanguedolce F, Tortorella S, Mattoni M, Papagerakis S, Keller ET, Franceschi RT. Role of Runx2 phosphorylation in prostate cancer and association with metastatic disease. Oncogene. 2016;35(3):366–76. https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2015.91.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

American Society of Clinical Oncology. Prostate Cancer - Types Of Treatment. 2019 from https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/prostate-cancer/types-treatment. Accessed 25 Oct 2020.

Ritch C, Cookson M. Recent trends in the management of advanced prostate cancer, F1000Research. 2018;(7):1513. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15382.1

PDQ® Adult Treatment Editorial Board. PDQ Prostate Cancer Treatment. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. 2021 https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-treatment-pdq. Accessed 28 Jan 2023.

Bill-Axelson A, Holmberg L, Garmo H, Taari K, Busch C, Nordling S, Häggman M, Andersson SO, Andrén O, Steineck G, Adami HO, Johansson J-E. Radical Prostatectomy or Watchful Waiting in Prostate Cancer — 29-Year Follow-up. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(24):2319–29. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1807801.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brawley S, Mohan R, Nein CD. Localized Prostate Cancer: Treatment Options. Am Fam Physician. 2018;97(12):798–805.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bolla M, Henry A, Mason M, Wiegel T. The role of radiotherapy in localised and locally advanced prostate cancer. Asian J Urol. 2019;6(2):153–61.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Prentice M, Nei W, Lewis A, Davda R, Payne H. Brachytherapy in prostate cancer: techniques and clinical outcomes. Trends Urol Men’s Health. 2018;9(1):19–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/tre.616.

Article  Google Scholar 

American Cancer Society Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer 2020. In: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostate-cancer/treating/hormone-therapy.html. Accessed 29 Jan 2023.

Crawford ED, Heidenreich A, Lawrentschuk N, Tombal B, Pompeo ACL, Mendoza-Valdes A, Miller K, Debruyne FMJ, Klotz L. Androgen-targeted therapy in men with prostate cancer: Evolving practice and future considerations. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2018;22:24–38. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-018-0079-0.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cancer Council NSW Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). 2022, In: https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/prostate-cancer/management-treatment/androgen-deprivation-therapy. Accessed 29 Jan 2023.

Amiya Y, Yamada Y, Sugiura M, Sasaki M, Shima T, Suzuki N, Nakatsu H, Murakami S, Shimazaki J. Treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer (Stage T3). Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2017;47(3):257–61. https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyw186.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

El-Amm J, Aragon-Ching JB. The Current Landscape of Treatment in Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Med Insights Oncol. 2019;13:1179554919833927. https://doi.org/10.1177/1179554919833927.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fizazi K, Shore N, Tammela TL, Ulys A, Vjaters E, Polyakov S, Jievaltas M, Luz M, Alekseev B, Kuss I, Le Berre MA, Petrenciuc O, Snapir A, Sarapohja T, Smith MR. ARAMIS Investigators. Nonmetastatic, Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Survival with Darolutamide. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(11):1040–9. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1815671.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hamilou Z, Saad F, Fizazi K. Treatment of hormone-naïve metastatic prostate cancer. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2018;12(3):334–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Farha N, Kasi A. Docetaxel. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. In: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537242/. Accessed 1 Nov 2020.

Connolly RM, Carducci MA, Antonarakis ES. Use of androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer: indications and prevalence. Asian J Androl. 2012;14(2):177–86. https://doi.org/10.1038/aja.2011.103.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Komura K, Sweeney CJ, Inamoto T, Ibuki N, Azuma H, Kantoff PW. Current treatment strategies for advanced prostate cancer. Int J Urol. 2018;25(3):220–31.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sumanasuriya S, De Bono J. Treatment of advanced prostate cancer-a review of current therapies and future promise. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Med. 2018;8(6):a030635. https://perspectivesinmedicine.cshlp.org/content/8/6/a030635. Accessed 14 Oct 2024.

Parker C, Nilsson S, Heinrich D, Helle SI, O’Sullivan JM, Fosså SD, Chodacki A, Wiechno P, Logue J, Seke M, Widmark A, Johannessen DC, Hoskin P, Bottomley D, James ND, Solberg A, Syndikus I, Kliment J, Wedel S, Boehmer S, Dall’Oglio M, Franzén L, Coleman R, Vogelzang NJ, O’Bryan-Tear CG, Staudacher K, Garcia-Vargas J, Shan M, Bruland ØS, Sartor O, ALSYMPCA Investigators. Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(3):213–23. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1213755.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tripathi A, McFarland T, Agarwal N. PARP Inhibitors in Prostate Cancer: A Promise Delivered. Eur Urol Oncol. 2020;3(5):612–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euo.2020.08.006.

Article