Galmiche M, Dechelotte P, Lambert G, Tavolacci MP. Prevalence of eating disorders over the 2000–2018 period: a systematic literature review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(5):1402–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy342

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Diagnostic. and Statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5™. 5th ed. Arlington, VA, US: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 2013. pp. 947–xliv.

Google Scholar 

Bühren K, Schwarte R, Fluck F, Timmesfeld N, Krei M, Egberts K, et al. Comorbid psychiatric disorders in female adolescents with first-onset anorexia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2014;22(1):39–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2254

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zipfel S, Giel KE, Bulik CM, Hay P, Schmidt U. Anorexia nervosa: aetiology, assessment, and treatment. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2(12):1099–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00356-9

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Collaborators GBDMD. Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Psychiatry. 2022;9(2):137–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00395-3

Article  Google Scholar 

van Eeden AE, van Hoeken D, Hoek HW. Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2021;34(6):515–24. https://doi.org/10.1097/yco.0000000000000739

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hudson JI, Hiripi E, Pope HG Jr., Kessler RC. The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biol Psychiatry. 2007;61(3):348–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.040

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Collaborators GDaI. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1204–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30925-9

Article  Google Scholar 

Agh T, Kovacs G, Supina D, Pawaskar M, Herman BK, Voko Z, et al. A systematic review of the health-related quality of life and economic burdens of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Eat Weight Disord. 2016;21(3):353–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-016-0264-x

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

King JA, Frank GKW, Thompson PM, Ehrlich S. Structural neuroimaging of Anorexia Nervosa: future directions in the Quest for mechanisms underlying dynamic alterations. Biol Psychiatry. 2018;83(3):224–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.08.011

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mishima R, Isobe M, Noda T, Tose K, Kawabata M, Noma S, et al. Structural brain changes in severe and enduring anorexia nervosa: a multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study of gray matter volume, cortical thickness, and white matter integrity. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111393

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Keeler J, Patsalos O, Thuret S, Ehrlich S, Tchanturia K, Himmerich H, et al. Hippocampal volume, function, and related molecular activity in anorexia nervosa: a scoping review. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2020;13(12):1367–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2020.1850256

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Martin Monzon B, Henderson LA, Madden S, Macefield VG, Touyz S, Kohn MR, et al. Grey matter volume in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and associated eating disorder symptoms. Eur J Neurosci. 2017;46(7):2297–307. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13659

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kappou K, Ntougia M, Kourtesi A, Panagouli E, Vlachopapadopoulou E, Michalacos S, et al. Neuroimaging findings in adolescents and young adults with Anorexia Nervosa: a systematic review. Child (Basel Switzerland). 2021;8(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/children8020137

Miles AE, Voineskos AN, French L, Kaplan AS. Subcortical volume and cortical surface architecture in women with acute and remitted anorexia nervosa: an exploratory neuroimaging study. J Psychiatr Res. 2018;102:179–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.04.010

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

King JA, Geisler D, Ritschel F, Boehm I, Seidel M, Roschinski B, et al. Global cortical thinning in acute anorexia nervosa normalizes following long-term weight restoration. Biol Psychiatry. 2015;77(7):624–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.09.005

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stevenson RJ, Francis HM. The hippocampus and the regulation of human food intake. Psychol Bull. 2017;143(10):1011–32. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000109

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leutgeb JK, Leutgeb S, Moser MB, Moser EI. Pattern separation in the dentate gyrus and CA3 of the hippocampus. Science. 2007;315(5814):961–6. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1135801

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zeineh MM, Engel SA, Bookheimer SY. Application of cortical unfolding techniques to functional MRI of the human hippocampal region. NeuroImage. 2000;11(6 Pt 1):668–83. https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2000.0561

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Burkert NT, Koschutnig K, Ebner F, Freidl W. Structural hippocampal alterations, perceived stress, and coping deficiencies in patients with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2015;48(6):670. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22397

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Myrvang AD, Vangberg TR, Stedal K, Ro O, Endestad T, Rosenvinge JH, et al. Hippocampal subfields in adolescent anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2018;282:24–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.10.007

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bahnsen K, Bernardoni F, King JA, Geisler D, Weidner K, Roessner V, et al. Dynamic structural brain changes in Anorexia Nervosa: a replication Study, mega-analysis, and virtual Histology Approach. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2022;61(9):1168–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2022.03.026

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Walton E, Bernardoni F, Batury VL, Bahnsen K, Larivière S, Abbate-Daga G, et al. Brain structure in acutely underweight and partially weight-restored individuals with Anorexia Nervosa: a coordinated analysis by the ENIGMA eating disorders Working Group. Biol Psychiatry. 2022;92(9):730–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.04.022

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saygin ZM, Kliemann D, Iglesias JE, van der Kouwe AJW, Boyd E, Reuter M, et al. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging reveals nuclei of the human amygdala: manual segmentation to automatic atlas. NeuroImage. 2017;155:370–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.046

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

LeDoux J. The amygdala. Curr Biol. 2007;17(20):R868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.005

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jacob Y, Morris LS, Verma G, Rutter SB, Balchandani P, Murrough JW. Altered hippocampus and amygdala subregion connectome hierarchy in major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry. 2022;12(1):209. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-01976-0

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Morey RA, Clarke EK, Haswell CC, Phillips RD, Clausen AN, Mufford MS, et al. Amygdala nuclei volume and shape in military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2020;5(3):281–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.11.016

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wronski ML, Geisler D, Bernardoni F, Seidel M, Bahnsen K, Doose A, et al. Differential alterations of amygdala nuclei volumes in acutely ill patients with anorexia nervosa and their associations with leptin levels. Psychol Med. 2022;1–16. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291722003609

Ren Z, Ye YJJFNU. The Chinese version of core self-evaluation scale. 2009;4:157 – 63.

Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press; 2015.

Han M, Pan B, Wang Y, Wilson A, Chen R, Wu R. Development and psychometric evaluation of the gender identity scale for Transgender women in China. Front Psychol. 2021;12:792776. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.792776

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li J, Chen YP, Zhang J, Lv MM, Välimäki M, Li YF, et al. The Mediating Role of Resilience and Self-Esteem between Life events and coping styles among Rural Left-behind adolescents in China: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.560556

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hong L. Research on the self-esteem of college students. Stud Psychol Behav. 2003;2:133–6.

Google Scholar 

Perris C, Jacobsson L, Lindström H, von Knorring L, Perris H. Development of a new inventory assessing memories of parental rearing behaviour. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1980;61(4):265–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00581.x

Article  CAS  PubMed