Babakhanzadeh E, Nazari M, Ghasemifar S, Khodadadian A. Some of the Factors Involved in Male Infertility: A Prospective Review. Int J Gen Med. 2020;13:29–41. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S241099.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rolfes V, Bittner U, Gerhards H, Krussel JS, Fehm T, Ranisch R, Fangerau H. Artificial Intelligence in Reproductive Medicine - An Ethical Perspective. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2023;83:106–15. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1866-2792.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sharma U. Paternal Contributions to Offspring Health: Role of Sperm Small RNAs in Intergenerational Transmission of Epigenetic Information. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2019;7:215. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2019.00215.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhu X, Ma X, Zhao S, Cao Z. DLX6-AS1 accelerates cell proliferation through regulating miR-497-5p/SNCG pathway in prostate cancer. Environ Toxicol. 2021;36:308–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.23036.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Krawetz SA, Kruger A, Lalancette C, Tagett R, Anton E, Draghici S, Diamond MP. A survey of small RNAs in human sperm. Hum Reprod. 2011;26:3401–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/der329.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Salas-Huetos A, James ER, Aston KI, Carrell DT, Jenkins TG, Yeste M. The role of miRNAs in male human reproduction: a systematic review. Andrology. 2020;8:7–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12714.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abu-Halima M, Becker LS, Al Smadi MA, Abdul-Khaliq H, Raeschle M, Meese E. Sperm Motility Annotated Genes: Are They Associated with Impaired Fecundity? Cells. 2023;12:1239. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12091239.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Becker LS, Al Smadi MA, Raeschle M, Rishik S, Abdul-Khaliq H, Meese E, Abu-Halima M. Proteomic Landscape of Human Sperm in Patients with Different Spermatogenic Impairments. Cells. 2023;12(7):1017. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12071017.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Abu-Halima M, Becker LS, Ayesh BM, Meese E. MicroRNA-targeting in male infertility: Sperm microRNA-19a/b-3p and its spermatogenesis related transcripts content in men with oligoasthenozoospermia. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022;10:973849. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.973849.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cappallo-Obermann H, Schulze W, Jastrow H, Baukloh V, Spiess AN. Highly purified spermatozoal RNA obtained by a novel method indicates an unusual 28S/18S rRNA ratio and suggests impaired ribosome assembly. Mol Hum Reprod. 2011;17:669–78. https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gar037.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abu-Halima M, Hammadeh M, Schmitt J, Leidinger P, Keller A, Meese E, Backes C. Altered microRNA expression profiles of human spermatozoa in patients with different spermatogenic impairments. Fertil Steril. 2013;99:1249-1255 e1216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.11.054.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Salas-Huetos A, Blanco J, Vidal F, Mercader JM, Garrido N, Anton E. New insights into the expression profile and function of micro-ribonucleic acid in human spermatozoa. Fertil Steril. 2014;102:213-222 e214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.03.040.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cappallo-Obermann H, Spiess AN. Comment on “Absence of sperm RNA elements correlates with idiopathic male infertility”. Sci Transl Med 2016, 8:353 https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2396.

Krawetz SA. Paternal contribution: new insights and future challenges. Nat Rev Genet. 2005;6:633–42. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg1654.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pessot CA, Brito M, Figueroa J, Concha II, Yanez A, Burzio LO. Presence of RNA in the sperm nucleus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989;158:272–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(89)80208-6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jodar M, Selvaraju S, Sendler E, Diamond MP, Krawetz SA, Reproductive Medicine N. The presence, role and clinical use of spermatozoal RNAs. Hum Reprod Update. 2013;19:604–24. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmt031.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fehlmann T, Kern F, Laham O, Backes C, Solomon J, Hirsch P, Volz C, Muller R, Keller A. miRMaster 2.0: multi-species non-coding RNA sequencing analyses at scale. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021;49:397–408. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab268.

Article  Google Scholar 

Langmead B, Trapnell C, Pop M, Salzberg SL. Ultrafast and memory-efficient alignment of short DNA sequences to the human genome. Genome Biol. 2009;10:R25. https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2009-10-3-r25.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lewis SE. Is sperm evaluation useful in predicting human fertility? Reproduction. 2007;134:31–40. https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-07-0152.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jan SZ, Vormer TL, Jongejan A, Roling MD, Silber SJ, de Rooij DG, Hamer G, Repping S, van Pelt AMM. Unraveling transcriptome dynamics in human spermatogenesis. Development. 2017;144:3659–73. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.152413.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bao J, Bedford MT. Epigenetic regulation of the histone-to-protamine transition during spermiogenesis. Reproduction. 2016;151:R55-70. https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-15-0562.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Linn E, Ghanem L, Bhakta H, Greer C, Avella M. Genes Regulating Spermatogenesis and Sperm Function Associated With Rare Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:634536. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.634536.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Joshi M, Rajender S. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in spermatogenesis and male infertility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2020;18:103. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-020-00660-6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Frias-Lasserre D, Villagra CA. The Importance of ncRNAs as Epigenetic Mechanisms in Phenotypic Variation and Organic Evolution. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:2483. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02483.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang X, Yang C, Guo F, Zhang Y, Ju Z, Jiang Q, Zhao X, Liu Y, Zhao H, Wang J, et al. Integrated analysis of mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in the semen from Holstein bulls with high and low sperm motility. Sci Rep. 2019;9:2092. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-38462-x.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hong Y, Wang C, Fu Z, Liang H, Zhang S, Lu M, Sun W, Ye C, Zhang CY, Zen K, et al. Systematic characterization of seminal plasma piRNAs as molecular biomarkers for male infertility. Sci Rep. 2016;6:24229. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24229.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hong Y, Wu Y, Zhang J, Yu C, Shen L, Chen H, Chen L, Zhou X, Gao F. Decreased piRNAs in Infertile Semen Are Related to Downregulation of Sperm MitoPLD Expression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:696121. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.696121.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vojtech L, Woo S, Hughes S, Levy C, Ballweber L, Sauteraud RP, Strobl J, Westerberg K, Gottardo R, Tewari M, et al. Exosomes in human semen carry a distinctive repertoire of small non-coding RNAs with potential regulatory functions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014;42:7290–304. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku347.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Morgan CP, Shetty AC, Chan JC, Berger DS, Ament SA, Epperson CN, Bale TL. Repeated sampling facilitates within- and between-subject modeling of the human sperm transcriptome to identify dynamic and stress-responsive sncRNAs. Sci Rep. 2020;10:17498. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73867-7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu WM, Pang RT, Chiu PC, Wong BP, Lao K, Lee KF, Yeung WS. Sperm-borne microRNA-34c is required for the first cleavage division in mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:490–4.