Singal AG, Kanwal F, Llovet JM. Global trends in hepatocellular carcinoma epidemiology: implications for screening, prevention and therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2023;20(12):864–84.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Toh MR, Wong EYT, Wong SH, et al. Global Epidemiology and Genetics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2023;164(5):766–82.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tang W, Chen Z, Zhang W, et al. The mechanisms of sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma: theoretical basis and therapeutic aspects. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020;5(1):87.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jin H, Shi Y, Lv Y, et al. EGFR activation limits the response of liver cancer to lenvatinib. Nature. 2021;595(7869):730–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sangro B, Sarobe P, Hervás-Stubbs S, et al. Advances in immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;18(8):525–43.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Prieto J, Melero I, Sangro B. Immunological landscape and immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;12(12):681–700.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Campbell KM, Amouzgar M, Pfeiffer SM, et al. Prior anti-CTLA-4 therapy impacts molecular characteristics associated with anti-PD-1 response in advanced melanoma. Cancer Cell. 2023;41(4):791-806.e794.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Forde PM, Chaft JE, Smith KN, et al. Neoadjuvant PD-1 Blockade in Resectable Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(21):1976–86.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li J, Wu C, Hu H, et al. Remodeling of the immune and stromal cell compartment by PD-1 blockade in mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell. 2023;41(6):1152-1169.e1157.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qin S, Chen Z, Fang W, et al. Pembrolizumab Versus Placebo as Second-Line Therapy in Patients From Asia With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Randomized, Double-Blind. Phase III Trial J Clin Oncol. 2023;41(7):1434–43.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yau T, Park JW, Finn RS, et al. Nivolumab versus sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (CheckMate 459): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23(1):77–90.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ren Z, Xu J, Bai Y, et al. Sintilimab plus a bevacizumab biosimilar (IBI305) versus sorafenib in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (ORIENT-32): a randomised, open-label, phase 2–3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22(7):977–90.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Finn RS, Qin S, Ikeda M, et al. Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(20):1894–905.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abou-Alfa GK, Lau G, Kudo M, et al. Tremelimumab plus durvalumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. NEJM Evidence. 2022;1(8):EVIDoa2100070.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pinter M, Peck-Radosavljevic M. Review article: systemic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48(6):598–609.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mansfield AS, Każarnowicz A, Karaseva N, et al. Safety and patient-reported outcomes of atezolizumab, carboplatin, and etoposide in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (IMpower133): a randomized phase I/III trial. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(2):310–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Felip E, Altorki N, Zhou C, et al. Adjuvant atezolizumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in resected stage IB-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (IMpower010): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2021;398(10308):1344–57.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Powles T, Yuen KC, Gillessen S, et al. Atezolizumab with enzalutamide versus enzalutamide alone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial. Nat Med. 2022;28(1):144–53.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Garcia J, Hurwitz HI, Sandler AB, et al. Bevacizumab (Avastin®) in cancer treatment: A review of 15 years of clinical experience and future outlook. Cancer Treat Rev. 2020;86: 102017.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tsilimigras DI, Brodt P, Clavien PA, et al. Liver metastases. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7(1):27.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhou Q, Xu CR, Cheng Y, et al. Bevacizumab plus erlotinib in Chinese patients with untreated, EGFR-mutated, advanced NSCLC (ARTEMIS-CTONG1509): A multicenter phase 3 study. Cancer Cell. 2021;39(9):1279-1291.e1273.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rini BI, Powles T, Atkins MB, et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus sunitinib in patients with previously untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma (IMmotion151): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10189):2404–15.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee CK, Yoo C, Park SJ, et al. 970P Real-world multi-center study of systemic treatment after first-line atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia-Pacific countries. Ann Oncol. 2023;34(Sup2):S603.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kim S, Lee SY, Park YG, et al. Disease etiology and efficacy outcomes with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (atezo-bev) in patients (pts) with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC): Multinational retrospective analysis. Ann Oncol. 2023;34(Sup2):S609–10.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wang YL, Chen WT, Huang MY, et al. Analyzing effectiveness and safety of standard-dose and low-dose bevacizumab combination with atezolizumab in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a multi-institutional study in Taiwan. Ann Oncol. 2023;34(Sup2):S610.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gao X, Zhao R, Ma H, et al. Efficacy and safety of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in the real world: a single-arm meta-analysis. BMC Cancer. 2023;23(1):635.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Abou-Alfa GK, Meyer T, Cheng AL, et al. Cabozantinib in Patients with Advanced and Progressing Hepatocellular Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(1):54–63.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Maeda O, Ando Y. Cabozantinib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(14):1384.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xiang Q, Chen W, Ren M, et al. Cabozantinib suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma by a dual blockade of VEGFR2 and MET. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20(11):2959–70.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kelley RK, Rimassa L, Cheng AL, et al. Cabozantinib plus atezolizumab versus sorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (COSMIC-312): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23(8):995–1008.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang LJ, Wang HW, Cui Y, et al. Sintilimab plus lenvatinib as conversion therapy in patients with unresectable locally intermediate to advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A single-arm, single-center, open-label, phase 2 study. J Clin Oncol. 2022;40(Sup4):449.

Article  Google Scholar 

Finn RS, Ikeda M, Zhu AX, et al. Phase Ib study of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(26):2960–70.

Article  PubMed