Modern microfluidic technologies play an important role in scientific research, medicine, pharmacology, ecology, and biotechnologies and nanotechnologies. The significance of microfluidic processes within bioinspired technologies and their potential for the development of new methods and applications is considered. An important advantage of microfluidic technologies is the ability to work with very small volumes of liquid or gas, which allows one to reduce the consumption of reagents, increase the sensitivity and accuracy of analysis, and shorten the time of analysis, processing, and obtaining of samples. Advances in microfluidic technologies, their advantages and potential applications, as well as prospects for the development of this field are described.