Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209–49. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang J, Wang K, Yang Z. Treatment strategies for clear cell renal cell carcinoma: past, present and future. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1133832. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1133832.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ljungberg B, Albiges L, Abu-Ghanem Y, Bedke J, Capitanio U, Dabestani S, Fernández-Pello S, Giles RH, Hofmann F, Hora M, Klatte T, Kuusk T, Lam TB, Marconi L, Powles T, Tahbaz R, Volpe A, Bex A. European association of urology guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: the 2022 update. Eur Urol. 2022;82:399–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2022.03.006.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Janzen NK, Kim HL, Figlin RA, Belldegrun AS. Surveillance after radical or partial nephrectomy for localized renal cell carcinoma and management of recurrent disease. Urol Clin North Am. 2003;30:843–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0094-0143(03)00056-9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barata PC, Rini BI. Treatment of renal cell carcinoma: current status and future directions. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67:507–24. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21411.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gul A, Rini BI. Adjuvant therapy in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer. 2019;125:2935–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.32144.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gyawali B, Goldstein DA. The US food and drug administration’s approval of adjuvant sunitinib for renal cell cancer: a case of regulatory capture? JAMA Oncology 2018;4:623–624. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.5697.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hanahan D. Hallmarks of cancer: new dimensions. Cancer Discov. 2022;12:31–46. https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-21-1059.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Şenbabaoğlu Y, Gejman RS, Winer AG, Liu M, Van Allen EM, de Velasco G, Miao D, Ostrovnaya I, Drill E, Luna A, Weinhold N, Lee W, Manley BJ, Khalil DN, Kaffenberger SD, Chen Y, Danilova L, Voss MH, Coleman JA, Russo P, Reuter VE, Chan TA, Cheng EH, Scheinberg DA, Li MO, Choueiri TK, Hsieh JJ, Sander C, Hakimi AA. Tumor immune microenvironment characterization in clear cell renal cell carcinoma identifies prognostic and immunotherapeutically relevant messenger RNA signatures. Genome Biol. 2016;17:231. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-016-1092-z.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Navani V, Heng DYC. Immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma. Lancet Oncol. 2023;24:1164–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00473-4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rini BI, Plimack ER, Stus V, Gafanov R, Hawkins R, Nosov D, Pouliot F, Alekseev B, Soulières D, Melichar B, Vynnychenko I, Kryzhanivska A, Bondarenko I, Azevedo SJ, Borchiellini D, Szczylik C, Markus M, McDermott RS, Bedke J, Tartas S, Chang Y-H, Tamada S, Shou Q, Perini RF, Chen M, Atkins MB, Powles T. KEYNOTE-426 Investigators: pembrolizumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib for advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:1116–27. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1816714.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Motzer R, Alekseev B, Rha S-Y, Porta C, Eto M, Powles T, Grünwald V, Hutson TE, Kopyltsov E, Méndez-Vidal MJ, Kozlov V, Alyasova A, Hong S-H, Kapoor A, Alonso Gordoa T, Merchan JR, Winquist E, Maroto P, Goh JC, Kim M, Gurney H, Patel V, Peer A, Procopio G, Takagi T, Melichar B, Rolland F, De Giorgi U, Wong S, Bedke J, Schmidinger M, Dutcus CE, Smith AD, Dutta L, Mody K, Perini RF, Xing D, Choueiri TK. CLEAR trial investigators: lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab or everolimus for advanced renal cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:1289–300. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2035716.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pal SK, Uzzo R, Karam JA, Master VA, Donskov F, Suarez C, Albiges L, Rini B, Tomita Y, Kann AG, Procopio G, Massari F, Zibelman M, Antonyan I, Huseni M, Basu D, Ci B, Leung W, Khan O, Dubey S, Bex A. Adjuvant atezolizumab versus placebo for patients with renal cell carcinoma at increased risk of recurrence following resection (IMmotion010): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2022;400:1103–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01658-0.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Motzer RJ, Russo P, Grünwald V, Tomita Y, Zurawski B, Parikh O, Buti S, Barthélémy P, Goh JC, Ye D, Lingua A, Lattouf J-B, Albigès L, George S, Shuch B, Sosman J, Staehler M, Estévez SV, Simsek B, Spiridigliozzi J, Chudnovsky A, Bex A. Adjuvant nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus placebo for localised renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy (CheckMate 914): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2023;401:821–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02574-0.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Motzer RJ, Bex A, Russo P, Tomita Y, Cutuli H, Rojas C, Gross-Goupil M, Schinzari G, Melichar B, Barthelemy P, Ruiz Garcia A, Sosman JA, Grimm M-O, Goh JC, Suárez C, Kollmannsberger CK, Simsek B, Spiridigliozzi J, Lee C-W, Grünwald V. Adjuvant nivolumab monotherapy vs placebo for localized renal cell carcinoma at high risk of relapse after nephrectomy: results from part B of the randomized, phase 3 CheckMate 914 trial. JCO. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2024.42.4_suppl.LBA358.

Article  Google Scholar 

Allaf M, Kim SE, Harshman LC, McDermott DF, Master VA, Signoretti S, Cole S, Moon H, Adra N, Singer EA, Gills J, Choueiri TK, Leibovich B, Michaelson MD, Shuch B, Lara PN, Heng DYC, Kapoor A, Carducci MA, Haas NB. LBA67 phase III randomized study comparing perioperative nivolumab (nivo) versus observation in patients (Pts) with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) undergoing nephrectomy (PROSPER, ECOG-ACRIN EA8143), a national clinical trials network trial. Ann Oncol. 2022;33:S1432–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2022.08.072.

Article  Google Scholar 

Choueiri TK, Quinn DI, Zhang T, Gurney H, Doshi GK, Cobb PW, Parnis F, Lee J-L, Park SH, Semenov A, Thiery-Vuillemin A, Sawrycki P, Tomczak P, Alekseev B, Izmailov A, Chang WY-H, Wan SM, Poehlein CH, Willemann-Rogerio J, Powles T. Abstract CT162: pembrolizumab monotherapy for the adjuvant treatment of renal cell carcinoma post-nephrectomy: randomized, double-blind, phase III KEYNOTE-564 study. Cancer Res. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2019-CT162.

Article  Google Scholar 

Choueiri TK, Tomczak P, Park SH, Venugopal B, Ferguson T, Chang Y-H, Hajek J, Symeonides SN, Lee JL, Sarwar N, Thiery-Vuillemin A, Gross-Goupil M, Mahave M, Haas NB, Sawrycki P, Gurney H, Chevreau C, Melichar B, Kopyltsov E, Alva A, Burke JM, Doshi G, Topart D, Oudard S, Hammers H, Kitamura H, Bedke J, Perini RF, Zhang P, Imai K, Willemann-Rogerio J, Quinn DI, Powles T. Adjuvant pembrolizumab after nephrectomy in renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:683–94. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2106391.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Apolo AB, Msaouel P, Niglio S, Simon N, Chandran E, Maskens D, Perez G, Ballman KV, Weinstock C. Evolving role of adjuvant systemic therapy for kidney and urothelial cancers. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2022;42:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1200/EDBK_350829.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Powles T, Albiges L, Bex A, Grünwald V, Porta C, Procopio G, Schmidinger M, Suárez C, de Velasco G. ESMO clinical practice guideline update on the use of immunotherapy in early stage and advanced renal cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol. 2021;32:1511–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2021.09.014.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Monteiro FSM, Soares A, Rizzo A, Santoni M, Mollica V, Grande E, Massari F. The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) as adjuvant treatment in renal cell carcinoma (RCC): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2023;21:324–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clgc.2023.01.005.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Powles T, Tomczak P, Park SH, Venugopal B, Ferguson T, Symeonides SN, Hajek J, Gurney H, Chang Y-H, Lee JL, Sarwar N, Thiery-Vuillemin A, Gross-Goupil M, Mahave M, Haas NB, Sawrycki P, Burgents JE, Xu L, Imai K, Quinn DI, Choueiri TK, Tomczak P, Choueiri T, Park SH, Venugopal B, Ferguson TR, Hajek J, Lin T-P, Symeonides SN, Lee JL, Sawrycki P, Haas NB, Gurney HP, Mahave M, Sarwar N, Thiery-Vuillemin A, Gross-Goupil M, Chevreau C, Burke JM, Doshi G, Melichar B, Topart D, Oudard S, Kopyltsov E, Hammers H-J, Quinn DI, Alva A, de Menezes J, Silva AG, Winquist EW, Hamzaj A, Procopio G, Karaszewska B, Nowakowska-Zajdel EM, Alekseev BY, Gafanov RA, Izmailov A, Semenov A, Afanasyev SG, Lipatov ON, Powles TB, Srinivas S, McDermott D, Kochuparambil ST, Davis ID, Peltola K, Sabbatini R, Chung J, Shkolnik MI, Matveev VB, Borau PG, McCune S, Hutson TE, Dri A, Sales SC, Yeung C, Castro CMA, Bostrom P, Laguerre B, Buttigliero C, de Giorgi U, Fomin EA, Zakharia Y, Hwang C, Singer EA, Yorio JT, Waterhouse D, Kowalyszyn RD, Alfie MS, Ruiz EY, Buchler T, Kankaanranta K, Ferretti G, Kimura G, Nishimura K, Masumori N, Tamada S, Kato H, Kitamura H, Danielewicz I, Wojcik-Tomaszewska J, Gonzalez NS, Chiu K-Y, Atkins MB, Heath E, Rojas-Uribe GA, Fernandez MEG, Feyerabend S, Pignata S, Numakura K, Stopa BC, Zukov R, Duran MAC, Rey PJM, Pino AM, Chang C-H, Vengalil S, Waddell TS, Cobb PW, Hauke R, Anderson DM, Sarantopoulos J, Gourdin T, Zhang T, Jayram G, Fein LE, Harris C, Beato PMM, Flores F, Estay A, Rubiano JA, Bedke J, Hauser S, Neisius A, Busch J, Anai S, Tsunemori H, Sawka D, Sikora-Kupis B, Arranz JA, Delgado I, Chen C-H, Gunderson E, Tykodi S, Koletsky A, Chen K, Agrawal M, Kaen DL, Sade JP, Tatangelo MD, Parnis F, Barbosa FM, Faucher G, Iqbal N, Marceau D, Paradis J-B, Hanna N, Acevedo A, Ibanez C, Villanueva L, Galaz PP, Durango IC, Manneh R, Kral Z, Holeckova P, Hakkarainen H, Ronkainen H, Abadie-Lacourtoisie S, Tartas S, Goebell PJ, Grimm M-O, Hoefner T, Wirth M, Panic A, Schultze-Seemann W, Yokomizo A, Mizuno R, Uemura H, Eto M, Tsujihata M, Matsukawa Y, Murakami Y, Kim M, Hamberg P, Marczewska-Skrodzka M, Szczylik C, Humphreys AC, Jiang P, Kumar B, Lu G, Desai A, Karam JA, Keogh G, Fleming M, Zarba JJ, Leiva VE, Mendez GA, Harris SJ, Brown SJ, Junior JNA, de Costamilan R, Rocha RO, Muniz D, Brust L, Lalani A-K, Graham J, Levesque M, Orlandi F, Kotasek R, Deville JL, Borchiellini D, Merseburger A, Rink M, Roos F, McDermott R, Oyama M, Yamamoto Y, Tomita Y, Miura Y, Ioritani N, Westgeest H, Kubiatowski T, Bal W, Sarrio RG, Rowe J, Prow DM, Senecal F, Hashemi-Sadraei N, Cole SW, Kendall SD, Richards DA, Schnadig ID, Gupta M. Pembrolizumab versus placebo as post-nephrectomy adjuvant therapy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KEYNOTE-564): 30-month follow-up analysis of a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23:1133–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00487-9.

Article  CAS  PubMed