Breathing Exercise and High-Intensity Bodyweight Interval Training Intervention Among Hypertensive Individuals: Study Protocol and The Preliminary Finding

Exercise is an important part of non-pharmacological treatment for people with prehypertension, hypertension, or those on antihypertensive medication. For optimum health, older adults should engage in 150-300 minutes of light to moderate aerobic activity or 75-150 minutes of strenuous aerobic activity per week, according to current recommendations. A 14-week randomised controlled trial was conducted with 87 participants, whose age is greater than 30 years, suffering from hypertension, with a body mass index (BMI) 18.5-24.99 kg/m2 and physical inactivity. Participants were assigned to four groups: control (n:24), breathing exercise (BE) (n:21), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (n:20), and Mixed (n:22). The BE group practiced slow breathing exercises following an 8-sets protocol for 10 minutes. The HIIT group followed a 40-minutes exercise protocol. The mixed group performed both types of exercise, while the control group maintained their daily activities. Initial assessments were conducted at Week 0, with follow-ups at Weeks 6, 10, and 14. Repeated ANOVA was used to compare the groups, considering an alpha level of significance at p = 0.05. Preliminary data were obtained by 96 participants, with an average age of 59.4 + 9.1 years. The majority were women (87.5%), with an average body mass index of 22.7 + 1.6 kg/m2, a resting systolic blood pressure of 156 + 14 and a diastolic blood pressure of  91 + 10 mmHg. These preliminary findings showed no significant differences in systolic blood pressure scores, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, cortisol levels or C-reactive protein among the four groups. As many as 21% of participants included in  prehypertension category, 38% included stage 1 hypertension and 42% included stage 2 hypertension. We predict that interventions with combined exercise will provide greater benefits than other interventions.

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