A multicenter, open-label, controlled phase IIIb clinical trial (SEQUENCE) published in the New England Journal of Medicine, compared the efficacy and safety of risankizumab (a monoclonal antibody that targets IL-23A) versus ustekinumab (a monoclonal antibody that targets IL-12 and IL-23) in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease who previously did not respond to anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy or experienced unacceptable adverse effects.

Patients (n = 520) were randomly assigned to receive risankizumab (n = 255) or ustekinumab (n = 265; 72.8% completed all the assigned treatments). Both primary endpoints were met, that is, clinical remission at week 24 and endoscopic remission at week 48.