Deyo RA, Hallvik SE, Hildebran C, Marino M, O’Kane N, Carson J, Van Otterloo J, Wright DA, Millet LM, Wakeland W. Use of prescription opioids before and after an operation for chronic pain (lumbar fusion surgery). Pain. 2018;159(6):1147–54.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shahi P, Vaishnav AS, Melissaridou D, Sivaganesan A, Sarmiento JM, Urakawa H, Araghi K, Shinn DJ, Song J, Dalal SS, Iyer S, Sheha ED, Dowdell JE, Qureshi SA. Factors causing delay in discharge in patients eligible for ambulatory lumbar fusion surgery. Spine. 2022;47(16):1137–44.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nadelson MR, Sanders RD, Avidan MS. Perioperative cognitive trajectory in adults. Br J Anaesth. 2014;112(3):440–51.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Skolasky RL, Riley LH 3rd, Maggard AM, Wegener ST. The relationship between pain and depressive symptoms after lumbar spine surgery. Pain. 2012;153(10):2092–6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

de Heer EW, Ten Have M, van Marwijk HWJ, Dekker J, de Graaf R, Beekman ATF, van der Feltz-Cornelis CM. Pain as a risk factor for common mental disorders. Results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2: a longitudinal, population-based study. Pain. 2018;159(4):712–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gold C, Ray E, Christianson D, Park B, Kournoutas IA, Kahn TA, Perez EA, Berger JI, Sander K, Igram CA, Pugely A, Olinger CR, Carnahan R, Chen PF, Mueller R, Hitchon P, Howard MA, Banks M, Sanders RD, Woodroffe RW. Risk factors for delirium in elderly patients after lumbar spinal fusion. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2022;219: 107318.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shi C, Yang C, Gao R, Yuan W. Risk factors for delirium after spinal surgery: a meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2015;84(5):1466–72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Choi SW, Cho HK, Park S, Yoo JH, Lee JC, Baek MJ, Jang HD, Cha JS, Shin BJ. Multimodal analgesia (MMA) versus patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for one or two-level posterior lumbar fusion surgery. J Clin Med. 2020;9(4):1087.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li K, Ji C, Luo D, Feng H, Yang K, Xu H. Wound infiltration with ropivacaine as an adjuvant to patient controlled analgesia for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a retrospective study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2020;20(1):288.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang Q, Wu Y, Ren F, Zhang X, Feng Y. Bilateral ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block in patients undergoing lumbar spinal fusion: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Anesth. 2021;68: 110090.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dhaliwal P, Yavin D, Whittaker T, Hawboldt GS, Jewett GAE, Casha S, du Plessis S. Intrathecal morphine following lumbar fusion: a randomized. Placebo-Controll Trial Neurosurg. 2019;85(2):189–98.

Google Scholar 

Cohen M, Zuk J, McKay N, Erickson M, Pan Z, Galinkin J. Intrathecal morphine versus extended-release epidural morphine for postoperative pain control in pediatric patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion. Anesth Analg. 2017;124(6):2030–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guilfoyle MR, Mannion RJ, Mitchell P, Thomson S. Epidural fentanyl for postoperative analgesia after lumbar canal decompression: a randomized controlled trial. Spine J. 2012;12(8):646–51.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van Samkar G, Balraadjsing PPS, Hermanns H, Hoogendijk IV, Hollmann MW, Zaat SAJ, Stevens MF. Microbiological and scanning electron microscopic evaluation of epidural catheters. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2020;45(5):381–5.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang JS, Liu KX, Chu L, Chan YK, Fan H, Li XM, Liu P, Liu TJ, Hao DJ. Cocktail treatment with a gelatin sponge impregnated with ropivacaine, dexamethasone, and vitamin B12 promotes early postoperative recovery after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy: a retrospective. Case-Controll Study Pain Phys. 2020;23(2):E211–8.

Google Scholar 

Ghabach MB, Mhanna NE, Al Ezz MRA, Mezher GN, Chammas MJ, Ghabach MM. Comparison of effects of hemostatic gelatin sponge impregnated with ropivacaine versus normal saline applied on the transverse process of the operated vertebrae on postoperative pain in patients undergoing spinal instrumentation surgery: a randomized clinical trial. World Neurosurg. 2019;128:1126–30.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sun W, Chen Y, Yuan W. Hemostatic absorbable gelatin sponge loaded with 5-fluorouracil for treatment of tumors. Int J Nanomed. 2013;8:1499–506.

Google Scholar 

Shukla A, Fang JC, Puranam S, Hammond PT. Release of vancomycin from multilayer coated absorbent gelatin sponges. J Control Release. 2012;157(1):64–71.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ummenhofer WC, Arends RH, Shen DD, Bernards CM. Comparative spinal distribution and clearance kinetics of intrathecally administered morphine, fentanyl, alfentanil, and sufentanil. Anesthesiology. 2000;92(3):739–53.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jeon Y, Hwang J, Kang J, Han S, Rhee K, Oh Y. Effects of epidural naloxone on pruritus induced by epidural morphine: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2005;14(1):22–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rodrigues S, Shin D, Conway M, Smulski S, Trenker E, Shanthanna H, Vanniyasingam T, Thabane L, Paul J. Hydromorphone versus morphine: a historical cohort study to evaluate the quality of postoperative analgesia. Can J Anaesth. 2021;68(2):226–34.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shanthanna H, Paul J, Lovrics P, Vanniyasingam T, Devereaux PJ, Bhandari M, Thabane L. Satisfactory analgesia with minimal emesis in day surgeries: a randomised controlled trial of morphine versus hydromorphone. Br J Anaesth. 2019;122(6):e107–13.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Meissner K, Dahan A, Olofsen E, Göpfert C, Blood J, Wieditz J, Kharasch ED. Morphine and hydromorphone effects, side effects, and variability: a crossover study in human volunteers. Anesthesiology. 2023;139(1):16–34.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huai X, Jiao Y, Gu X, Zhu H, Chen L, Fan Y, Yu W, Su D, Xie H. Preoperative chronic pain as a risk factor for early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients undergoing hip joint replacement surgery: a prospective observational cohort study. Front Neurosci. 2021;17(15): 747362.

Article  Google Scholar 

Xu C, Gu F, Liu Y, Chen R, Wang C, Lu J. The median effective analgesic concentration of ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Front Pharmacol. 2022;17(13): 928227.

Article  Google Scholar 

He XM, He MC, Yang P, Zhang QW, Chen ZQ, He W, Wei QS. The therapeutic effect of Huo Xue Tong Luo capsules in Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stage II osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a clinical study with an average follow-up period of 7.95 years. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:773758.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee M, Chu MK, Lee J, Yoo J, Song HK. Field testing primary stabbing headache criteria according to the 3rd beta edition of International Classification of Headache Disorders: a clinic-based study. J Headache Pain. 2016;17:21.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Boström A, Scheele D, Stoffel-Wagner B, Hönig F, Chaudhry SR, Muhammad S, Hurlemann R, Krauss JK, Lendvai IS, Chakravarthy KV, Kinfe TM. Saliva molecular inflammatory profiling in female migraine patients responsive to adjunctive cervical non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation: the MOXY Study. J Transl Med. 2019;17(1):53.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Niu JY, Yang N, Tao QY, He Y, Hou YB, Ning RD, Yu JM. Effect of different administration routes of dexmedetomidine on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing elective spinal surgery: a prospective randomized double-blinded controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2023;136(6):1075–83.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chaplan SR, Duncan SR, Brodsky JB, Brose WG. Morphine and hydromorphone epidural analgesia. A prospective, randomized comparison. Anesthesiology. 1992;77(6):1090–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hillman DR, Carlucci M, Charchaflieh JG, Cloward TV, Gali B, Gay PC, Lyons MM, McNeill MM, Singh M, Yilmaz M, Auckley DH. Society of anesthesia and sleep medicine position paper on patient sleep during hospitalization. Anesth Analg. 2023;136(4):814–24.

Article  PubMed