Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Children and Adolescents with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot: Mechanisms of Exercise Intolerance and Clinical Implications

Eshuis G, Hock J, Marchie du Sarvaas G et al (2022) Exercise capacity in patients with repaired tetralogy of fallot aged 6 to 63 years. Heart 108(3):186–193

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rhodes J, Alexander ME, Opotowsky A. Exercise Physiology for the Paediatric and Congenital Cardiologist 1st ed: Springer International Publishing 2019.

Gratz A, Hess J, Hager A (2009) Self-estimated physical functioning poorly predicts actual exercise capacity in adolescents and adults with congenital heart disease. Eur Heart J 30(4):497–504

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dobson RJ, Ramparsad N, Walker NL, McConnachie A, Danton MHD (2021) Outcomes of adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot from the national scottish cohort. Cardiol Young 31(8):1–9

Article  Google Scholar 

Roest AA, Helbing WA, Kunz P et al (2002) Exercise MR imaging in the assessment of pulmonary regurgitation and biventricular function in patients after tetralogy of Fallot repair. Radiology 223:204–211

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dluzniewska N, Podolec P, Miszalski-Jamka T et al (2018) Effect of ventricular function and volumes on exercise capacity in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Indian Heart J 70(1):87–92

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Samman A, Ballint OH, Tanous D et al (2008) Exercise capacity and biventricular function in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Am Heart J 156:100–105

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Muller J, Hager A, Diller GP et al (2015) Peak oxygen uptake, ventilatory efficiency and QRS-duration predict event free survival in patients late after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Int J Cardiol 196:158–164

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ohuchi H, Yasuda K, Suzuki H, Arakaki Y, Yagihara T, Echigo S (2000) Ventilatory responses to exercise in patients with major aortopulmonary collaterall arteries after definitive surgery. Am J Cardiol 85:1223–1229

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guirgis L, Khraiche D, Ladouceur M, Iserin L, Bonnet D, Legendre A (2020) Cardiac performance assessment during cardiopulmonary exercise test can improve the management of children with repaired congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiol 300:121–126

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Meierhofer C, Tavakkoli T, Kuhn A et al (2017) Importance of non-invasive right and left ventricular variables on exercise capacity in patients with tetralogy of Fallot hemodynamics. Pediatr Cardiol 38(8):1569–1574

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Inuzuka R, Diller G-P, Borgia F et al (2012) Comprehensive use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing identifies adults with congenital heart disease at increased mortality risk in the medium term. Circulation 125:250–259

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Valente AM, Gauvreau K, Assenza GE et al (2014) Contemporary predictors of death and sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot enrolled in the INDICATOR cohort. Heart 100(3):247–253

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Diller GP, Dimopoulos K, Okonko D et al (2005) Exercise intolerance in adult congenital heart disease: comparative severity, correlates, and prognostic implication. Circulation 112(6):828–835

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Heng EL, Gatzoulis MA, Uebing A et al (2017) Immediate and midterm cardiac remodeling after surgical pulmonary valve replacement in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot: a prospective cardiovascular magnetic resonance and clinical study. Circulation 136(18):1703–1713

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Leonardi B, Cifra B (2023) The role of cardiopulmonary testing to risk stratify tetralogy of Fallot patients. CJC Pediatr Congenit Heart Dis. 2(6):314–321

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Diller GP, Okonko DO, Uebing A et al (2009) Impaired heart rate response to exercise in adult patients with a systemic right ventricle or univentricular circulation: prevalence, relation to exercise, and potential therapeutic implications. Int J Cardiol 134(1):59–66

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Villaseca-Rojas Y, Varela-Melo J, Torres-Castro R et al (2022) Exercise capacity in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 9:874700

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Franciosi S, Roston TM, Perry FKG, Knollmann BC, Kannankeril PJ, Sanatani S (2019) Chronotropic incompetence as a risk predictor in children and young adults with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 30(10):1923–1929

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Barron A, Francis DP, Mayet J et al (2016) Oxygen uptake efficiency slope and breathing reserve, not anaerobic threshold, discriminate between patients with cardiovascular disease over chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JACC Heart Fail 4(4):252–261

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Alborikan S, Pandya B, Von Klemperer K et al (2020) Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF); a systematic review. Int J Cardiol Congenit Heart Dis. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcchd.2020.100050

Article  Google Scholar 

Sarubbi B, Pacileo G, Pisacane C et al (2000) Exercise capacity in young patients after total repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Pediatr Cardiol 21(3):211–215

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Takken T, Bongers BC, van Brussel M, Haapala EA, Hulzebos EHJ (2017) Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in pediatrics. Ann Am Thorac Soc. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201611-912FR

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cooper DM, Weiler-Ravell D, Whipp BJ, Wasserman K (1984) Growth-related changes in oxygen uptake and heart rate during progressive exercise in children. Pediatr Res 18(9):845–851

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

CDC. BMI Percentile Calculator for Child and Teen. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/bmi/calculator.html. Accessed 2023

Beaver LW, Wasserman K, Whipp BJ (1986) A new method of detecting anaerobic threshold by gas exchange. J Appl Physiol 60(6):2020–2027

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blanchard J, Blais S, Chetaille P et al (2018) New reference values for cardiopulmonary exercise testing in children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 50(6):1125–1133

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hollenberg M, Tager IB (2000) Oxygen uptake efficiency slope: an index of exercise performance and cardiopulmonary reserve requiring only submaximal exercise. J Am Coll Cardiol 36(1):194–201

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Azarbal B, Hayes SW, Lewin HC, Hachamovitch R, Cohen I, Berman DS (2004) The incremental prognostic value of percentage of heart rate reserve achieved over myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography in the prediction of cardiac death and all-cause mortality: superiority over 85% of maximal age-predicted heart rate. J Am Coll Cardiol 44(2):423–430

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Crisafulli A, Piras F, Chiappori P et al (2007) Estimating stroke volume from oxygen pulse during exercise. Physiol Meas 28(10):1201–1212

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sietsema KE, Sue DY, Stringer WW, S.A. W. Wasserman and Whipps Principals of Exercise Testing and Interpretation. 6th ed: Wolters Kluwer 2021.

Rhodes J, Ubeda Tikkanen A, Jenkins KJ (2010) Exercise testing and training in children with congenital heart disease. Circulation 122(19):1957–1967

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hock J, Hacker AL, Reiner B et al (2019) Functional outcome in contemporary children and young adults with tetralogy of Fallot after repair. Arch Dis Child 104(2):129–133

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leonardi B, Gentili F, Perrone MA et al (2022) Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in repaired tetralogy of Fallot: multiparametric overview and correlation with cardiac magnetic resonance and physical activity level. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9010026

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zaqout M, Vandekerckhove K, De Wolf D et al (2021) Determinants of physical fitness in children with repaired congenital heart disease. Pediatr Cardiol 42(4):857–865

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif