Molitch ME (2017) Diagnosis and treatment of Pituitary adenomas: a review. JAMA 317(5):516–524. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.19699

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ezzat S, Asa SL, Couldwell WT, Barr CE, Dodge WE, Vance ML, McCutcheon IE (2004) The prevalence of pituitary adenomas. Cancer 101(3):613–619. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.20412

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Asa SL, Casar-Borota O, Chanson P, Delgrange E, Earls P, Ezzat S, Grossman A, Ikeda H, Inoshita N, Karavitaki N, Korbonits M, Laws ER, Lopes MB, Maartens N, McCutcheon IE, Mete O, Nishioka H, Raverot G, Roncaroli F, Saeger W, Syro LV, Vasiljevic A, Villa C, Wierinckx A, Trouillas J (2017) From pituitary adenoma to pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET): an International Pituitary Pathology Club proposal. Endocrine-related Cancer 24(4):C5–C8. https://doi.org/10.1530/erc-17-0004

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kasuki L, Raverot G (2020) Definition and diagnosis of aggressive pituitary tumors. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 21(2):203–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-019-09531-x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Raverot G, Burman P, McCormack A, Heaney A, Petersenn S, Popovic V, Trouillas J, Dekkers OM, Endocrinology TE, S.o (2018) European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas*. Eur J Endocrinol 178(1):G1–G24. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-17-0796

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Di Ieva A, Rotondo F, Syro LV, Cusimano MD, Kovacs K (2014) Aggressive pituitary adenomas—diagnosis and emerging treatments. Nat Reviews Endocrinol 10(7):423–435. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2014.64

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

McCormack A, Dekkers OM, Petersenn S, Popovic V, Trouillas J, Raverot G, Burman P, collaborators Es (2018) Treatment of aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas: results of a European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) survey 2016. Eur J Endocrinol 178(3):265–276. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-17-0933

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lloyd RV, Young KK, Farrel WF Jr, Asa WE, Trouillas SL, Kontogeorgos J, Sano G, Scheithauer T B, Hovath E (2004) World Health Organization Classification of Tumours, vol. Chapter 1. IARC, Lyon

Google Scholar 

Al-Shraim M, Asa SL (2006) The 2004 World Health Organization classification of pituitary tumors: what is new? Acta Neuropathol 111(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-005-1093-6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tsukamoto T, Miki Y (2023) Imaging of pituitary tumors: an update with the 5th WHO classifications—part 1. Pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET)/pituitary adenoma. Japanese J Radiol 41(8):789–806. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11604-023-01400-7

Article  Google Scholar 

Mete O, Lopes MB (2017) Overview of the 2017 WHO classification of Pituitary tumors. Endocr Pathol 28(3):228–243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-017-9498-z

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kontogeorgos G (2021) Update on pituitary adenomas in the 2017 World Health Organization classification: innovations and perspectives. Horm (Athens) 20(2):287–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42000-020-00269-9

Article  Google Scholar 

Yavropoulou MP, Tsoli M, Barkas K, Kaltsas G, Grossman A (2020) The natural history and treatment of non-functioning pituitary adenomas (non-functioning PitNETs). Endocr Relat Cancer 27(10):R375–r390. https://doi.org/10.1530/erc-20-0136

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Drummond J, Roncaroli F, Grossman AB, Korbonits M (2019) Clinical and pathological aspects of Silent Pituitary Adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 104(7):2473–2489. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-00688

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mooney MA, Sarris CE, Zhou JJ, Barkhoudarian G, Chicoine MR, Fernandez-Miranda JC, Gardner PA, Hardesty DA, Jahnke H, Kelly DF, Liebelt BD, Mayberg MR, Prevedello DM, Sfondouris J, Sheehy JP, Chandler JP, Yuen KCJ, White WL, Little AS (2019) Proposal and validation of a simple grading scale (TRANSSPHER Grade) for Predicting Gross Total Resection of Nonfunctioning Pituitary macroadenomas after transsphenoidal surgery. Operative Neurosurg (Hagerstown Md) 17(5):460–469. https://doi.org/10.1093/ons/opy401

Article  Google Scholar 

Knosp E, Steiner E, Kitz K, Matula C (1993) Pituitary adenomas with invasion of the cavernous sinus space: a magnetic resonance imaging classification compared with surgical findings. Neurosurgery 33(4):610–617. https://doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199310000-00008. discussion 617–618

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Micko ASG, Wöhrer A, Wolfsberger S, Knosp E (2015) Invasion of the cavernous sinus space in pituitary adenomas: endoscopic verification and its correlation with an MRI-based classification. J Neurosurg 122(4):803–811

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cottier JP, Destrieux C, Brunereau L, Bertrand P, Moreau L, Jan M, Herbreteau D (2000) Cavernous sinus invasion by pituitary adenoma: MR imaging. Radiology 215(2):463–469. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.215.2.r00ap18463

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Asa SL, Mete O, Perry A, Osamura RY (2022) Overview of the 2022 WHO classification of Pituitary tumors. Endocr Pathol 33(1):6–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-022-09703-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Trouillas J, Roy P, Sturm N, Dantony E, Cortet-Rudelli C, Viennet G, Bonneville J-F, Assaker R, Auger C, Brue T, Cornelius A, Dufour H, Jouanneau E, François P, Galland F, Mougel F, Chapuis F, Villeneuve L, Maurage C-A, Figarella-Branger D, Raverot G (2013) The members of, H.: a new prognostic clinicopathological classification of pituitary adenomas: a multicentric case–control study of 410 patients with 8 years post-operative follow-up. Acta Neuropathol 126(1):123–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-013-1084-y

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu J, He Y, Zhang X, Yan X, Huang Y (2020) Clinicopathological analysis of 250 cases of pituitary adenoma under the new WHO classification. Oncol Lett 19(3):1890–1898. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11263

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vuong HG, Dunn IF (2023) The clinicopathological features and prognosis of silent corticotroph tumors: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine 82(3):527–535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-023-03449-w

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hosseinkhan N, Honardoost M, Emami Z, Cheraghi S, Hashemi-Madani N, Khamseh ME (2022) A systematic review of molecular alterations in invasive non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Endocrine 77(3):500–509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-022-03105-9

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Asmaro K, Zhang M, Rodrigues AJ, Mohyeldin A, Vigo V, Nernekli K, Vogel H, Born DE, Katznelson L, Fernandez-Miranda JC (2023) Cytodifferentiation of pituitary tumors influences pathogenesis and cavernous sinus invasion. J Neurosurg 139(5):1216–1224. https://doi.org/10.3171/2023.3.JNS221949

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nishioka H (2023) Aggressive pituitary tumors (PitNETs). Endocr J 70(3):241–248. https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.EJ23-0007

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lopes MBS (2017) The 2017 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the pituitary gland: a summary. Acta Neuropathol 134(4):521–535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-017-1769-8

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kontogeorgos G, Thodou E, Osamura RY, Lloyd RV (2022) High-risk pituitary adenomas and strategies for predicting response to treatment. Hormones 21(1):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42000-021-00333-y

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Villa C, Baussart B, Assié G, Raverot G, Roncaroli F (2023) The World Health Organization classifications of pituitary neuroendocrine tumours: a clinico-pathological appraisal. Endocrine-related Cancer 30(8). https://doi.org/10.1530/erc-23-0021. e230021

Batista RL, Trarbach EB, Marques MD, Cescato VA, da Silva GO, Herkenhoff CGB, Cunha-Neto MB, Musolino NR (2018) Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma recurrence and its relationship with sex, size, and hormonal immunohistochemical Profile. World Neurosurg 120:e241–e246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.08.043

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Burman P, Casar-Borota O, Perez-Rivas LG, Dekkers OM (2023) Aggressive pituitary tumors and Pituitary carcinomas: from Pathology to Treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism 108(7):1585–1601. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgad098

Article