Akoumianakis I, Zvintzou E, Kypreos K, Filippatos TD (2021) ANGPTL3 and apolipoprotein C-III as novel lipid-lowering targets. Curr Atheroscler Rep 23(5):20

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beeri MS, Lin HM, Sano M, Ravona-Springer R, Liu X, Bendlin BB, Gleason CE, Guerrero-Berroa E, Soleimani L, Launer LJ, Ehrenberg S, Lache O, Seligman YK, Levy AP (2018) Association of the haptoglobin gene polymorphism with cognitive function and decline in elderly african american adults with type 2 diabetes: findings from the action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes-memory in diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) Study. JAMA Netw Open 1(7):e184458

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Boettger LM, Salem RM, Handsaker RE, Peloso GM, Kathiresan S, Hirschhorn JN, McCarroll SA (2016) Recurring exon deletions in the HP (haptoglobin) gene contribute to lower blood cholesterol levels. Nat Genet 48(4):359–366

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bus P, Pierneef L, Bor R, Wolterbeek R, van Es LA, Rensen PC, de Heer E, Havekes LM, Bruijn JA, Berbee JF, Baelde HJ (2017) Apolipoprotein C-I plays a role in the pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis. J Pathol 241(5):589–599

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen Y, Yu H, Pask AJ, Fujiyama A, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Shaw G, Renfree MB (2018) Hormone-responsive genes in the SHH and WNT/beta-catenin signaling pathways influence urethral closure and phallus growth. Biol Reprod 99(4):806–816

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen Z, Lin X, Wang Y, Xie H, Chen F (2020) Dysregulated expression of androgen metabolism genes and genetic analysis in hypospadias. Mol Genet Genomic Med 8(8):e1346

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dai L, Chu SP, Wang ZH, Ni HB, Ding X, Tao Y, Ding Y, Ju SQ, Yu J (2019) APOC3 promotes TNF-alpha-induced expression of JAM-1 in endothelial cell via PI3K-IKK2-p65 pathway. Cardiovasc Pathol 41:11–17

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dyrbus K, Gasior M, Penson P, Ray KK, Banach M (2020) Inclisiran-New hope in the management of lipid disorders? J Clin Lipidol 14(1):16–27

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Engstrom G, Hedblad B, Janzon L, Lindgarde F (2007) Long-term change in cholesterol in relation to inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins: a longitudinal study. Ann Epidemiol 17(1):57–63

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fuior EV, Gafencu AV (2019) Apolipoprotein C1: its pleiotropic effects in lipid metabolism and beyond. Int J Mol Sci 20(23):5939

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gaunt TR, Zabaneh D, Shah S, Guyatt A, Ladroue C, Kumari M, Drenos F, Shah T, Talmud PJ, Casas JP, Lowe G, Rumley A, Lawlor DA, Kivimaki M, Whittaker J, Hingorani AD, Humphries SE, Day IN (2013) Gene-centric association signals for haemostasis and thrombosis traits identified with the HumanCVD BeadChip. Thromb Haemost 110(5):995–1003

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Geller F, Feenstra B, Carstensen L, Pers TH, van Rooij IA, Korberg IB, Choudhry S, Karjalainen JM, Schnack TH, Hollegaard MV, Feitz WF, Roeleveld N, Hougaard DM, Hirschhorn JN, Franke L, Baskin LS, Nordenskjold A, van der Zanden LF, Melbye M (2014) Genome-wide association analyses identify variants in developmental genes associated with hypospadias. Nat Genet 46(9):957–963

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Haghighi MM, Wright CY, Ayer J, Urban MF, Pham MD, Boeckmann M, Areal A, Wernecke B, Swift CP, Robinson M, Hetem RS, Chersich MF, Climate C, G Heat-Health Study (2021) Impacts of high environmental temperatures on congenital anomalies: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(9):4910

Jorgensen A, Svingen T, Miles H, Chetty T, Stukenborg JB, Mitchell RT (2023) Environmental impacts on male reproductive development: lessons from experimental models. Horm Res Paediatr 96(2):190–206

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kaefer M, Rink R, Misseri R, Winchester P, Proctor C, Ben Maamar M, Beck D, Nilsson E, Skinner MK (2023) Role of epigenetics in the etiology of hypospadias through penile foreskin DNA methylation alterations. Sci Rep 13(1):555

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kong X, Luo J, Xiang H, Wang S, Shen L, Long C, Liu F, Lin T, He D, Liu X, Wei GH (2021) Expression of Mafb is down-regulated in the foreskin of children with hypospadias. J Pediatr Urol 17(1):70 e71–70 e76

Li J, Willingham E, Baskin LS (2006) Gene expression profiles in mouse urethral development. BJU Int 98(4):880–885

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li H, Cai E, Cheng H, Ye X, Ma R, Zhu H, Chang X (2022) FGA controls VEGFA secretion to promote angiogenesis by activating the VEGFR2-FAK signalling pathway. Front Endocrinol (lausanne) 13:791860

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lin D, Du H, Zhao S, Liu B, Song H, Wang G, Zhang W, Liang H, Liu P, Liu C, Han W, Li Z, Yang Y, Chen S, Zhao L, Li X, Wu Z, Ds group, Sun N, Wu N (2022) Phenotype expansion of variants affecting p38 MAPK signaling in hypospadias patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 17(1):209

Liu Y, Fu W, Fu K, Zuo X, Jia W, Wang N, Zhang Y, Liu G, Deng F (2022) HAAO rs3816183 Polymorphisms [T] Increase Anterior/Middle Hypospadias Risk in Southern Han Chinese Population. Front Pediatr 10:842519

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lu H, Cassis LA, Kooi CW, Daugherty A (2016) Structure and functions of angiotensinogen. Hypertens Res 39(7):492–500

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lucas-Herald AK, Montezano AC, Alves-Lopes R, Haddow L, Alimussina M, O’Toole S, Flett M, Lee B, Amjad SB, Steven M, Brooksbank K, McCallum L, Delles C, Padmanabhan S, Ahmed SF, Touyz RM (2022) Vascular dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk in hypospadias. Eur Heart J 43(19):1832–1845

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lv W, Wang L, Duan Q, Gong Z, Yang F, Song H, Song Y (2013) Characteristics of the complement system gene expression deficiency in patients with symptomatic pulmonary embolism. Thromb Res 132(1):e54-57

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Matsushita S, Suzuki K, Murashima A, Kajioka D, Acebedo AR, Miyagawa S, Haraguchi R, Ogino Y, Yamada G (2018) Regulation of masculinization: androgen signalling for external genitalia development. Nat Rev Urol 15(6):358–368

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mole RJ, Nash S, MacKenzie DN (2020) Hypospadias. BMJ 369:m2070

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ohsako S, Aiba T, Miyado M, Fukami M, Ogata T, Hayashi Y, Mizuno K, Kojima Y (2018) Expression of xenobiotic biomarkers CYP1 family in preputial tissue of patients with hypospadias and phimosis and its association with DNA methylation level of SRD5A2 minimal promoter. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 74(2):240–247

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Phillips L, Lundholm C, Kvist U, Almqvist C, Nordenskjold A, Skarin Nordenvall A (2022) Increased androgen-related comorbidity in adolescents and adults born with hypospadias: a population-based study. Andrology 10(7):1376–1386

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pineyro-Ruiz C, Serrano H, Jorge I, Miranda-Valentin E, Perez-Brayfield MR, Camafeita E, Mesa R, Vazquez J, Jorge JC (2020) A proteomics signature of mild hypospadias: a pilot study. Front Pediatr 8:586287

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Qian C, Wu Z, Ng RC, Garcia-Barcelo MM, Yuan ZW, Wong KKY, Tam PKH, Lui VCH (2019) Conditional deletion of platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfra) in urorectal mesenchyme causes mesenchyme apoptosis and urorectal developmental anomalies in mice. Cell Death Differ 26(8):1396–1410

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ramms B, Gordts P (2018) Apolipoprotein C-III in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 29(3):171–179

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ren H, Chen Z, Yang L, Xiong W, Yang H, Xu K, Zhai E, Ding L, He Y, Song X (2019) Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) promotes tumor progression via MAPK signaling pathways in colorectal cancer. Cancer Manag Res 11:4917–4930

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Richard MA, Patel J, Benjamin RH, Bircan E, Canon SJ, Marengo LK, Canfield MA, Agopian AJ, Lupo PJ, Nembhard WN (2022) Prevalence and clustering of congenital heart defects among boys with hypospadias. JAMA Netw O