Boyle, W. J., Simonet, W. S. & Lacey, D. L. Osteoclast differentiation and activation. Nature 423, 337–342 (2003).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Koga, T. et al. Costimulatory signals mediated by the ITAM motif cooperate with RANKL for bone homeostasis. Nature 428, 758–763 (2004).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mócsai, A. et al. The immunomodulatory adapter proteins DAP12 and Fc receptor gamma-chain (FcRgamma) regulate development of functional osteoclasts through the Syk tyrosine kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 6158–6163 (2004).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Long, C. L. & Humphrey, M. B. Osteoimmunology: the expanding role of immunoreceptors in osteoclasts and bone remodeling. BoneKEy Rep. 1, 59 (2012).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Humphrey, M. B. & Nakamura, M. C. A comprehensive review of immunoreceptor regulation of osteoclasts. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. 51, 48–58 (2016).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zou, W. et al. Cytoskeletal dysfunction dominates in DAP12-deficient osteoclasts. J. Cell. Sci. 123, 2955–2963 (2010).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kameda, Y. et al. Siglec‐15 regulates osteoclast differentiation by modulating RANKL‐induced phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt and erk pathways in association with signaling adaptor DAP12. J. Bone Min. Res. 28, 2463–2475 (2013).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ishida-Kitagawa, N. et al. Siglec-15 protein regulates formation of functional osteoclasts in concert with DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12). J. Biol. Chem. 287, 17493–17502 (2012).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Humphrey, M. B. et al. TREM2, a DAP12‐associated receptor, regulates osteoclast differentiation and function. J. Bone Min. Res. 21, 237–245 (2006).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Paloneva, J., Mandelin, J., Kiialainen, A., Böhling, T. & Prudlo, J. DAP12/TREM2 deficiency results in impaired osteoclast differentiation and osteoporotic features. J. Exp. Med. 198, 669–675 (2003).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Inui, M., Kikuchi, Y., Aoki, N., Endo, S. & Maeda, T. Signal adaptor DAP10 associates with MDL-1 and triggers osteoclastogenesis in cooperation with DAP12. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 4816–4821 (2009).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Joyce-Shaikh, B., Bigler, M. E., Chao, C. C., Murphy, E. E. & Blumenschein, W. M. Myeloid DAP12-associating lectin (MDL)-1 regulates synovial inflammation and bone erosion associated with autoimmune arthritis. J. Exp. Med. 207, 579–589 (2010).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hiruma, Y., Tsuda, E., Maeda, N., Okada, A. & Kabasawa, N. Impaired osteoclast differentiation and function and mild osteopetrosis development in Siglec-15-deficient mice. Bone 53, 87–93 (2013).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mócsai, A., Ruland, J. & Tybulewicz, V. L. J. The SYK tyrosine kinase: a crucial player in diverse biological functions. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 10, 387–402 (2010).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zou, W., Reeve, J. L., Liu, Y., Teitelbaum, S. L. & Ross, F. P. DAP12 couples c-Fms activation to the osteoclast cytoskeleton by recruitment of Syk. Mol. Cell. 31, 422–431 (2008).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kong, Y. Y., Yoshida, H., Sarosi, I., Tan, H. L. & Timms, E. OPGL is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis, lymphocyte development and lymph-node organogenesis. Nature 397, 315–323 (1999).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xing, L., Chen, D. & Boyce, B. F. Mice deficient in NF-κB p50 and p52 or RANK have defective growth plate formation and post-natal dwarfism. Bone Res. 1, 336–345 (2013).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Faccio, R., Zou, W., Colaianni, G., Teitelbaum, S. L. & Ross, F. P. High dose M‐CSF partially rescues the Dap12−/− osteoclast phenotype. J. Cell. Biochem. 90, 871–883 (2003).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim, J. H., Kim, K., Kim, I. & Seong, S. Role of CrkII signaling in RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and function. J. Immunol. 196, 1123–1131 (2016). NamKII.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nakamura, I., Jimi, E., Duong, L. T., Sasaki, T. & Takahashi, N. Tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas is involved in actin organization in osteoclasts. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 11144–11149 (1998).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zou, W. & Teitelbaum, S. L. Absence of Dap12 and the αvβ3 integrin causes severe osteopetrosis. J. Cell. Biol. 208, 125–136 (2015).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim, N., Takami, M., Rho, J., Josien, R. & Choi, Y. A novel member of the leukocyte receptor complex regulates osteoclast differentiation. J. Exp. Med. 195, 201–209 (2002).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Merck, E., Gaillard, C., Gorman, D. M., Montero-Julian, F. & Durand, I. OSCAR is an FcRγ-associated receptor that is expressed by myeloid cells and is involved in antigen presentation and activation of human dendritic cells. Blood 104, 1386–1395 (2004).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barrow, A. D., Raynal, N., Andersen, T. L., Slatter, D. A. & Bihan, D. OSCAR is a collagen receptor that costimulates osteoclastogenesis in DAP12-deficient humans and mice. J. Clin. Invest. 121, 3505–3516 (2011).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sato, D. et al. Siglec-15-targeting therapy increases bone mass in rats without impairing skeletal growth. Bone 116, 172–180 (2018).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shimizu, T. et al. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) mediates periarticular bone loss, but not joint destruction, in murine antigen-induced arthritis. Bone 79, 65–70 (2015).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Faccio, R., Takeshita, S., Zallone, A., Ross, F. P. & Teitelbaum, S. L. c-Fms and the αvβ3 integrin collaborate during osteoclast differentiation. J. Clin. Invest. 111, 749–758 (2003).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zou, W., Izawa, T., Zhu, T., Chappel, J. & Otero, K. Talin1 and Rap1 are critical for osteoclast function. Mol. Cell. Biol. 33, 830–844 (2013).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zou, W. et al. Syk, c-Src, the αvβ3 integrin, and ITAM immunoreceptors, in concert, regulate osteoclastic bone resorption. J. Cell. Biol. 176, 877–888 (2007).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central