Boxing, which requires fast punching and explosive agility, is one of the oldest fighting sports. Muscle strength of the upper and lower limbs is the basis of boxing. Maintaining the capacity to actively hit and react in defense during a match is based on anaerobic metabolism. Altitude training (or hypoxic training) is an effective means to improve anaerobic metabolism and exercise capacity [1], [2], [3]. Ogita [4] demonstrated that intensity training in a hypobaric hypoxia environment can not only improve maximum oxygen uptake but also plays an important role in improving anaerobic capacity. Training in hypobaric hypoxia environments can lead to increases in vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA and myoglobin mRNA, thus improving the oxygen transfer capacity of skeletal muscle tissue, and consequently, the athletic ability of athletes [5]. Christoulas et al. [6] found that endurance improved maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and red blood cell mass was significantly increased in adolescent athletes living at altitudes of 1550–2050 m and training at altitudes of 450–500 m. It has also been demonstrated that the glycolytic ability of adolescents is immature and adolescent muscle glycogen content is lower than that of adults [7]; therefore, when engaging in high-intensity exercise in high-altitude environments, the risk of acute high-altitude diseases is higher [8]. In addition, Hendriksen et al. [9] holds that hypoxic training is not necessarily the cause of increased maximum oxygen uptake and lactic acid thresholds and teenagers should not switch to training in hypobaric hypoxia environments. Different opinions on the acceptability of altitude training for adolescent athletes exist at present, given that there is a lack of supporting evidence regarding functional index. There is also a lack of research on hypobaric hypoxia in juvenile boxing; therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether living in a simulated high-altitude environment and training in a low-altitude environment (HILO) improves the anaerobic ability of adolescent boxers by using relevant indexes to determine its effect. This research could provide a scientific basis for adolescent high-altitude training.