A Thirteenth Century Study on Surgical Pain Management From the Kitāb al-ʿUmda fī Ṣināʿa al-Jirāḥa by Ibn al-Quff

From the *Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

†Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Accepted for publication March 29, 2023.

Funding: None.

Reprints will not be available from the authors.

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Address correspondence to Amolpreet S. Toor, BMSc (Hons), Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 408-997 West 22nd Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 2A2, Canada. Address e-mail to [email protected]

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