Emran Hajmohammadi1, Saina Ghahremanie2, Mostafa Alam3, Kamyar Abbasi4, Fatemeh Mohamadian5, Danial Khayatan6, Hamid Tebyaniyan7, Mahdi Rahbar8

1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.

2Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.

3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

4Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

5Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

6Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

7Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

8Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.

Oral cancer (oral squamous cell carcinoma – OSCC) is recognized as one of the significant types of human cancer worldwide. The incidence of this cancer has increased in low-income countries, and advancements have been made in therapeutic and diagnostic applications in recent years. Many studies have shown a significant relationship between tissue-level changes and molecular-level changes leading to malignant transformations, playing a crucial role in disease progression. Biomarkers are broadly categorized as metabolomics, proteomics, or genomics. Oncology research and molecular biology studies on biomarkers involved in oral cancer (OC) focus on identifying pivotal biological markers related to cancer progression, risk assessment, predicting recurrence, screening, prognosis, metastasis/invasion, and monitoring cancer treatment responses. The aim of this review is to evaluate the efficiency and functions of biomarkers in the diagnosis, monitoring, prognosis, and therapeutic responses of OCs in the recent decade.

Keywords: biomarkers, oral cancers, OSCC.

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