Garcia-Gil M, Torres-Unda J, Esain I, et al. Anthropometric parameters, age, and agility as performance predictors in elite female basketball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32:1723–30. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002043.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cormie P, McGuigan MR, Newton RU. Developing maximal neuromuscular power: part 2—training considerations for improving maximal power production. Sports Med. 2011;41:125–46. https://doi.org/10.2165/11538500-000000000-00000.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maestroni L, Read P, Bishop C, Turner A. Strength and power training in rehabilitation: underpinning principles and practical strategies to return athletes to high performance. Sports Med. 2020;50:239–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01195-6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kawamori N, Haff GG. The optimal training load for the development of muscular power. J Strength Cond Res. 2004;18:675.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fanchini M, Steendahl IB, Impellizzeri FM, et al. Exercise-based strategies to prevent muscle injury in elite footballers: a systematic review and best evidence synthesis. Sports Med. 2020;50:1653–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01282-z.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wall BT, Morton JP, van Loon LJC. Strategies to maintain skeletal muscle mass in the injured athlete: nutritional considerations and exercise mimetics. Eur J Sport Sci. 2015;15:53–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2014.936326.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schwellnus M, Soligard T, Alonso J-M, et al. How much is too much? (Part 2) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of illness. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50:1043–52. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096572.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morgans R, Orme P, Anderson L, et al. An intensive winter fixture schedule induces a transient fall in salivary IgA in English Premier League soccer players. Res Sports Med. 2014;22:346–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2014.944641.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA. Fundamentals of resistance training: progression and exercise prescription. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36:674–88. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000121945.36635.61.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bartlett JD, O’Connor F, Pitchford N, et al. Relationships between internal and external training load in team-sport athletes: evidence for an individualized approach. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;12:230–4. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0791.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hackett DA, Davies TB, Orr R, et al. Effect of movement velocity during resistance training on muscle-specific hypertrophy: a systematic review. Eur J Sport Sci. 2018;2018(18):473–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1434563.

Article  Google Scholar 

Madarame H, Sasaki K, Ishii N. Endocrine responses to upper- and lower-limb resistance exercises with blood flow restriction. Acta Physiol Hung. 2010;7:192–200. https://doi.org/10.1556/aphysiol.97.2010.2.5.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rønnestad BR, Egeland W, Kvamme NH, et al. Dissimilar effects of one- and three-set strength training on strength and muscle mass gains in upper and lower body in untrained subjects. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21:157.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bottaro M, Veloso J, de Salles BF, et al. Early phase adaptations of single vs. multiple sets of strength training on upper and lower body strength gains. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2009;17:207–12. https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-2009-0355.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bagheri R, Rashidlamir A, Motevalli MS, et al. Effects of upper-body, lower-body, or combined resistance training on the ratio of follistatin and myostatin in middle-aged men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2019;119:1921–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04180-z.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Verney J, Kadi F, Charifi N, et al. Effects of combined lower body endurance and upper body resistance training on the satellite cell pool in elderly subjects. Muscle Nerve. 2008;38:1147–54. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.21054.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moberg M, Apró W, Cervenka I, et al. High-intensity leg cycling alters the molecular response to resistance exercise in the arm muscles. Sci Rep. 2021;11:6453. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85733-1.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rønnestad BR, Nygaard H, Raastad T. Physiological elevation of endogenous hormones results in superior strength training adaptation. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011;111:2249–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-1860-0.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Manca A, Dragone D, Dvir Z, Deriu F. Cross-education of muscular strength following unilateral resistance training: a meta-analysis. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017;117:2335–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3720-z.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Munn J, Herbert RD, Gandevia SC. Contralateral effects of unilateral resistance training: a meta-analysis. J Appl Physiol. 2004;96:1861–6. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00541.2003.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bartolomei S, Hoffman JR, Stout JR, Merni F. Effect of lower-body resistance training on upper-body strength adaptation in trained men. J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32:13–8. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001639.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Magdi HR, Maroto-Izquierdo S, Paz JA. Ipsilateral lower-to-upper limb cross-transfer effect on muscle strength, mechanical power, and lean tissue mass after accentuated eccentric loading. Med (Kaunas, Lithuania). 2021;57:445. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57050445.

Article  Google Scholar 

Aman MS, Hosseinzadeh M, Nokhodchi N, et al. Novel insights on the bottom-up rise strength transfer: investigating massed vs. distributed exercise training. Sport Sci Health. 2022;18:329–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-021-00810-2.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hansen S, Kvorning T, Kjaer M, Sjøgaard G. The effect of short-term strength training on human skeletal muscle: the importance of physiologically elevated hormone levels. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2001;11:347–54. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0838.2001.110606.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xue X, Liu B, Hu J, Bian X, Lou S. The potential mechanisms of lactate in mediating exercise-enhanced cognitive function: a dual role as an energy supply substrate and a signaling molecule. Nutr Metab. 2022;19:52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-022-00687-z.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Huang Z, Zhang Y, Zhou R, et al. Lactate as potential mediators for exercise-induced positive effects on neuroplasticity and cerebrovascular plasticity. Front Physiol. 2021;12: 656455. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.656455.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Storer TW, Magliano L, Woodhouse L, et al. Testosterone dose-dependently increases maximal voluntary strength and leg power, but does not affect fatigability or specific tension. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:1478–85. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-021231.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gilson H, Schakman O, Kalista S, et al. Follistatin induces muscle hypertrophy through satellite cell proliferation and inhibition of both myostatin and activin. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009;297:157–64. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00193.2009.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Magliulo L, Bondi D, Pini N, et al. The wonder exerkines-novel insights: a critical state-of-the-art review. Mol Cell Biochem. 2022;477:105–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-021-04264-5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Birnbaumer P, Müller A, Tschakert G, Sattler MC, Hofmann P. Performance enhancing effect of metabolic pre-conditioning on upper-body strength-endurance exercise. Front Psychol. 2018;9:963. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00963.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ceci R, Duranti G, Filippo ES, et al. Endurance training improves plasma superoxide dismutase activity in healthy elderly. Mech Ageing Dev. 2020;185: 111190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2019.111190.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Younus H. Therapeutic potentials of superoxide dismutase. Int J Health Sci. 2018;12:88–93.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Gandevia SC. Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiol Rev. 2001;81:1725–89. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1725.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Santos da Silva V, Nakamura FY, Gantois P, et al. Effects of upper-body and lower-body conditioning activities on postactivation performance enhancement during sprinting and jumping tasks in female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 2024;38(2):342–9. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004562.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kikuchi N, Yoshida S, Okuyama M, Nakazato K. The effect of high-intensity interval cycling sprints subsequent to arm-curl exercise on upper-body muscle strength and hypertrophy. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30:2318–23. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001315.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tomiya S, Kikuchi N, Nakazato K, et al. Moderate intensity cycling exercise after upper extremity resistance training interferes response to muscle hypertrophy but not strength gains. J Sports Sci Med. 2017;16(3):391–5.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Andrade, Luana S, et al. High-intensity interval running impairs subsequent upper limb strength performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2021;61(6):803–9. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.20.11458-0.

Article  PubMed