The authors thank the staff and participant centers of the China Renal Data System (CRDS) for their important contributions.

CRDS Study Investigators: Hong Xu, PhD, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Bicheng Liu, MD, Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.; Jianping Weng, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.; Chunbo Chen, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China; Huafeng Liu, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; Qiongqiong Yang, Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Hua Li, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Yaozhong Kong, Department of Nephrology, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China; Guisen Li, Renal Department and Institute of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chengdu, China; Qijun Wan, The Second People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Yan Zha, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; Ying Hu, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Gang Xu, Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Yongjun Shi, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Huizhou, China; Yilun Zhou, Department of Nephrology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Guobin Su, Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Ying Tang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Mengchun Gong, Institute of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.