Assia Riccioni, Martina Siracusano and Chiara Davico have contributed equally to this work.

Marco Armando, Samuele Cortese and Luigi Mazzone have contributed equally to this work.

Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy

Assia Riccioni, Martina Siracusano & Luigi Mazzone

Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy

Assia Riccioni & Luigi Mazzone

Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy

Martina Siracusano

Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Pediatric Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy

Chiara Davico & Benedetto Vitiello

Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

Benedetto Vitiello

Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Paul Klauser, Kerstin J. Plessen & Marco Armando

Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Paul Klauser

Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK

Carmen Morcillo & Samuele Cortese

Youth Resilience Unit, Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

Dennis Ougrin

Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services—Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

Samuele Cortese

Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences and Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK

Samuele Cortese

Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA

Samuele Cortese

Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

Samuele Cortese

DiMePRe-J-Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine-Jonic Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy

Samuele Cortese