Jutten RJ, Thompson L, Sikkes SA, Maruff P, Molinuevo JL, Zetterberg H, Snyder PJ. A neuropsychological perspective on defining cognitive impairment in the clinical study of Alzheimer’s disease: Towards a more continuous approach. J Alzheimer’s Dis. 2022;86(2):511–24.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Frisoni GB, Boccardi M, Barkhof F, Blennow K, Cappa S, Chiotis K, Winblad B. Strategic roadmap for an early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease based on biomarkers. The Lancet Neurology. 2017;16(8):661–76.

McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, Hyman BT, Jack CR Jr, Kawas CH, Phelps CH. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):263–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Fox NC, Phelps CH. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s Dement. 2011;7(3):270–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gallagher D, Mhaolain AN, Coen R, Walsh C, Kilroy D, Belinski K, Lawlor BA. Detecting prodromal Alzheimer’s disease in mild cognitive impairment: utility of the CAMCOG and other neuropsychological predictors. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010;25(12):1280–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tabert MH, Manly JJ, Liu X, Pelton GH, Rosenblum S, Jacobs M, Devanand DP. Neuropsychological prediction of conversion to Alzheimer disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63(8):916–24.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Belleville S, Gauthier S, Lepage É, Kergoat MJ, Gilbert B. Predicting decline in mild cognitive impairment: A prospective cognitive study. Neuropsychology. 2014;28(4):643.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boccardi M, Monsch AU, Ferrari C, Altomare D, Berres M, Bos I, ... & Consortium for the Harmonization of Neuropsychological Assessment for Neurocognitive Disorders. Harmonizing neuropsychological assessment for mild neurocognitive disorders in Europe. Alzheimers Dement. 2022;18(1):29–42

Wang H, Fan Z, Shi C, Xiong L, Zhang H, Li T, Yu X. Consensus statement on the neurocognitive outcomes for early detection of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer dementia from the Chinese Neuropsychological Normative (CN-NORM) Project. J Glob Health. 2019;9(2):020320.

Acevedo A, Krueger KR, Navarro E, Ortiz F, Manly JJ, Padilla-Vélez MM, Mungas D. The Spanish translation and adaptation of the uniform data set of the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer’s Disease Centers. Alzheimer Disease and associated disorders. 2009;23(2):102.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Benson G, de Felipe J, Sano M. Performance of Spanish-speaking community-dwelling elders in the United States on the Uniform Data Set. Alzheimers Dement. 2014;10:S338–43.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weintraub S, Besser L, Dodge HH, Teylan M, Ferris S, Goldstein FC, Morris JC. Version 3 of the Alzheimer Disease Centers’ neuropsychological test battery in the Uniform Data Set (UDS). Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2018;32(1):10.

Weintraub S, Salmon D, Mercaldo N, Ferris S, Graff-Radford NR, Chui H, Morris JC. The Alzheimer’s disease centers’ uniform data set (UDS): The neuropsychological test battery. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2009;23(2):91.

Beekly DL, Ramos EM, Lee WW, Deitrich WD, Jacka ME, Wu J, Kukull WA. The National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) database: the uniform data set. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2007;21(3):249–58.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Conca F, Esposito V, Rundo F, Quaranta D, Muscio C, Manenti R, Cappa SF. Italian adaptation of the Uniform Data Set Neuropsychological Test Battery (I-UDSNB 10): development and normative data. Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy. 2022;14(1):113.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ivanova I, Salmon DP, Gollan TH. The multilingual naming test in Alzheimer’s disease: clues to the origin of naming impairments. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2013;19(3):272–83.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stasenko A, Jacobs DM, Salmon DP, Gollan TH. The Multilingual Naming Test (MINT) as a measure of picture naming ability in Alzheimer’s disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2019;25(8):821–33.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Staffaroni AM, Asken BM, Casaletto KB, Fonseca C, You M, Rosen HJ, Kramer JH. Development and validation of the Uniform Data Set (v3. 0) executive function composite score (UDS3-EF). Alzheimers Dement. 2021;17(4):574–83.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mathews M, Abner E, Kryscio R, Jicha G, Cooper G, Smith C, Schmitt FA. Diagnostic accuracy and practice effects in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set neuropsychological battery. Alzheimers Dement. 2014;10(6):675–83.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Perneczky R, Wagenpfeil S, Komossa K, Grimmer T, Diehl J, Kurz A. Mapping scores onto stages: mini-mental state examination and clinical dementia rating. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006;14(2):139–44.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Measso G, Cavarzeran F, Zappalà G, Lebowitz BD, Crook TH, Pirozzolo FJ, Grigoletto F. The mini-mental state examination: Normative study of an Italian random sample. Dev Neuropsychol. 1993;9(2):77–85.

Article  Google Scholar 

Fluss R, Faraggi D, Reiser B. Estimation of the Youden Index and its associated cutoff point. Biom J. 2005;47(4):458–72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Jager CA, Hogervorst E, Combrinck M, Budge MM. Sensitivity and specificity of neuropsychological tests for mild cognitive impairment, vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Psychol Med. 2003;33(6):1039–50.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Di Paola M, Macaluso E, Carlesimo GA, Tomaiuolo F, Worsley KJ, Fadda L, Caltagirone C. Episodic memory impairment in patients with Alzheimer’s disease is correlated with entorhinal cortex atrophy: A voxel-based morphometry study. J Neurol. 2007;254:774–81.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sánchez-Benavides G, Gómez-Ansón B, Molinuevo JL, Blesa R, Monte GC, Buschke H, Peña-Casanova J. Medial temporal lobe correlates of memory screening measures in normal aging, MCI, and AD. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2010;23(2):100–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Braak H, Del Tredici K. Alzheimer’s pathogenesis: is there neuron-to-neuron propagation? Acta Neuropathol. 2011;121:589–95.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Igarashi KM. Entorhinal cortex dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Trends in Neurosci. 2023;46(2):124–36.

Lemos R, Cunha C, Marôco J, Afonso A, Simões MR, Santana I. F ree and C ued S elective R eminding T est is superior to the W echsler M emory S cale in discriminating mild cognitive impairment from A lzheimer’s disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2015;15(8):961–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wagner M, Wolf S, Reischies FM, Daerr M, Wolfsgruber S, Jessen F, Wiltfang J. Biomarker validation of a cued recall memory deficit in prodromal Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2012;78(6):379–86.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Grober E, Buschke H. Genuine memory deficits in dementia. Dev Neuropsychol. 1987;3(1):13–36.

Article  Google Scholar 

Spallazzi M, Michelini G, Barocco F, Dieci F, Copelli S, Messa G, Caffarra P. The role of free and cued selective reminding test in predicting [18F] Florbetaben PET results in mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;73(4):1647–59.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tounsi H, Deweer B, Ergis AM, Van der Linden M, Pillon B, Michon A, Dubois B. Sensitivity to semantic cuing: an index of episodic memory dysfunction in early Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1999;13(1):38–46.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carlesimo GA, Perri R, Caltagirone C. Category cued recall following controlled encoding as a neuropsychological tool in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: a review of the evidence. Neuropsychol Rev. 2011;21:54–65.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Belleville, S., Fouquet, C., Hudon, C., Zomahoun, H. T. V., Croteau, J., & Consortium for the Early Identification of Alzheimer’s Disease-Quebec. Neuropsychological measures that predict progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s type dementia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev. 2017;27:328–53.

Article  Google Scholar 

Jicha GA, Parisi JE, Dickson DW, Johnson K, Cha R, Ivnik RJ, Petersen RC. Neuropathologic outcome of mild cognitive impairment following progression to clinical dementia. Arch Neurol. 2006;63(5):674–81.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Verma M, Howard RJ. Semantic memory and language dysfunction in early Alzheimer’s disease: a review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012;27(12):1209–17.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weintraub S, Wicklund AH, Salmon DP. The neuropsychological profile of Alzheimer disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012;2(4): a006171.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Melrose RJ, Campa OM, Harwood DG, Osato S, Mandelkern MA, Sultzer DL. The neural correlates of naming and fluency deficits in Alzheimer’s disease: an FDG-PET study. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry. 2009;24(8):885–93.

Article  Google Scholar 

McDonnell M, Dill L, Panos S, Amano S, Brown W, Giurgius S, Miller K. Verbal fluency as a screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. Int Psychogeriatr. 2020;32(9):1055–62.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Murphy KJ, Rich JB, Troyer AK. Verbal fluency patterns in amnestic mild cognitive impairment are characteristic of Alzheimer’s type dementia. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2006;12(4):570–4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gainotti G, Quaranta D, Vita MG, Marra C. Neuropsychological predictors of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;38(3):481–95.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ahn H, Yi D, Chu K, Joung H, Lee Y, Jung G, Lee DY. Functional Neural Correlates of Semantic Fluency Task Performance in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: An FDG-PET Study. J Alzheimer’s Dis. 2022;85(4):1689–700.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ashendorf L, Jefferson AL, O’Connor MK, Chaisson C, Green RC, Stern RA. Trail Making Test errors in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2008;23(2):129–37.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang Z, Zheng H, Liang K, Wang H, Kong S, Hu J, ... & Sun G. Functional degeneration in dorsal and ventral attention systems in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: an fMRI study. Neuroscience Lett.  2015;585:160–165.

Kirova AM, Bays RB, Lagalwar S. Working memory and executive function decline across normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease. BioMed Res Int. 2015;2015:1–9.

Guarino A, Favier