Lee CM, Afshari NA. The global state of cataract blindness. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2017;28(1):98–103.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thompson J, Lakhani N. Cataracts. Prim Care. 2015;42(3):409–23.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hashemi H, Pakzad R, Yekta A, Aghamirsalim M, Pakbin M, Ramin S, Khabazkhoob M. Global and regional prevalence of age-related cataract: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Eye (Lond). 2020;34(8):1357–70.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Keel S, Müller A, Block S, Bourne R, Burton MJ, Chatterji S, He M, Lansingh VC, Mathenge W, Mariotti S, et al. Keeping an eye on eye care: monitoring progress towards effective coverage. Lancet Glob Health. 2021;9(10):e1460-1464.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Crispim J, Chamon W. Lens: management of cataract surgery, cataract prevention, and floppy iris syndrome. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2017;242:163–78.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cicinelli MV, Buchan JC, Nicholson M, Varadaraj V, Khanna RC. Cataracts. Lancet. 2023;401(10374):377–89.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ong LF, Oh A, Yi JK, Gu JS, Marvasti AH, Nguyen BB, Tran DB, Lee JK. Refractive lens exchange - who is getting it, what are they getting, how are they doing? Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2023;34(4):280–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Salerno LC, Tiveron MC Jr, Alió JL. Multifocal intraocular lenses: types, outcomes, complications and how to solve them. Taiwan J Ophthalmol. 2017;7(4):179–84.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fernández J, Rocha-de-Lossada C, Zamorano-Martín F, Rodríguez-Calvo-de-Mora M, Rodríguez-Vallejo M. Positioning of enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses between conventional monofocal and extended depth of focus lenses: a scoping review. BMC Ophthalmol. 2023;23(1):101.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zamora-de La Cruz D, Bartlett J, Gutierrez M, Ng SM. Trifocal intraocular lenses versus bifocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction among participants with presbyopia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;1(1):Cd012648.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cao K, Friedman DS, Jin S, Yusufu M, Zhang J, Wang J, Hou S, Zhu G, Wang B, Xiong Y, et al. Multifocal versus monofocal intraocular lenses for age-related cataract patients: a system review and meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials. Surv Ophthalmol. 2019;64(5):647–58.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schallhorn JM, Pantanelli SM, Lin CC, Al-Mohtaseb ZN, Steigleman WA 3rd, Santhiago MR, Olsen TW, Kim SJ, Waite AM, Rose-Nussbaumer JR. Multifocal and accommodating intraocular lenses for the treatment of presbyopia: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2021;128(10):1469–82.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Modi S, Lehmann R, Maxwell A, Solomon K, Cionni R, Thompson V, Horn J, Caplan M, Fisher B, Hu JG, et al. Visual and patient-reported outcomes of a diffractive trifocal intraocular lens compared with those of a monofocal intraocular lens. Ophthalmology. 2021;128(2):197–207.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu J, Dong Y, Wang Y. Efficacy and safety of extended depth of focus intraocular lenses in cataract surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol. 2019;19(1):198.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu X, Xie L, Huang Y. Comparison of the visual performance after implantation of bifocal and trifocal intraocular lenses having an identical platform. J Refract Surg. 2018;34(4):273–80.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gatinel D, Houbrechts Y. Comparison of bifocal and trifocal diffractive and refractive intraocular lenses using an optical bench. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39(7):1093–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim JW, Eom Y, Yoon EG, Song JS, Jeong JW, Park SK, Kim HM. Increased near vision spectacle dependence of patients with preoperative myopia after mix-and-match implantation of trifocal EDOF and Trifocal IOLs. J Refract Surg. 2021;37(11):746–53.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mamalis N. Complications of multifocal intraocular lenses: what have we learned? J Cataract Refract Surg. 2021;47(10):1256–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hall CD, Barnes CS, Gutherie AH, Lynch MG. Visual function and mobility after multifocal versus monofocal intraocular lens implantation. Clin Exp Optom. 2022;105(1):70–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Savini G, Schiano-Lomoriello D, Balducci N, Barboni P. Visual performance of a new extended depth-of-focus intraocular lens compared to a distance-dominant diffractive multifocal intraocular Lens. J Refract Surg. 2018;34(4):228–35.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kanclerz P, Toto F, Grzybowski A, Alio JL. Extended depth-of-field intraocular lenses: an update. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2020;9(3):194–202.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Unsal U, Sabur H. Comparison of new monofocal innovative and standard monofocal intraocular lens after phacoemulsification. Int Ophthalmol. 2021;41(1):273–82.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mencucci R, Cennamo M, Venturi D, Vignapiano R, Favuzza E. Visual outcome, optical quality, and patient satisfaction with a new monofocal IOL, enhanced for intermediate vision: preliminary results. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2020;46(3):378–87.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sabur H, Unsal U. Visual outcomes of non-diffractive extended-depth-of-focus and enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses: a case-control study. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2023;33(1):262–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cho JY, Won YK, Park J, Nam JH, Hong JY, Min S, Kim N, Chung TY, Lee EK, Kwon SH, et al. Visual outcomes and optical quality of accommodative, multifocal, extended depth-of-focus, and monofocal intraocular lenses in presbyopia-correcting cataract surgery: a systematic review and bayesian network Meta-analysis. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2022;140(11):1045–53.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Page MJ, Moher D, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, et al. PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n160.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Alió JL, Kaymak H, Breyer D, Cochener B, Plaza-Puche AB. Quality of life related variables measured for three multifocal diffractive intraocular lenses: a prospective randomised clinical trial. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2018;46(4):380–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cardona G, Vega F, Gil MA, Varón C, Buil JA, Millán MS. Visual acuity and image quality in 5 diffractive intraocular lenses. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2018;28(1):36–41.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hogarty DT, Russell DJ, Ward BM, Dewhurst N, Burt P. Comparing visual acuity, range of vision and spectacle independence in the extended range of vision and monofocal intraocular lens. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2018;46(8):854–60.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Poyales F, Garzon N. Comparison of 3-month visual outcomes of a spherical and a toric trifocal intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2019;45(2):135–45.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lapid-Gortzak R, Bhatt U, Sanchez JG, Guarro M, Hida WT, Bala C, Nosé RM, Rodriguez Alvira FJ, Martinez A. Multicenter visual outcomes comparison of 2 trifocal presbyopia-correcting IOLs: 6-month postoperative results. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2020;46(11):1534–42.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Law EM, Aggarwal RK, Buckhurst H, Kasaby HE, Marsden J, Shum G, Buckhurst PJ. Visual function and subjective perception of vision after bilateral implantation of monofocal and multifocal IOLs: a randomized controlled trial. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2020;46(7):1020–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Poyales F, Pérez R, López-Brea I, Zhou Y, Rico L, Garzón N. Comparison of visual performance and patient satisfaction outcomes with two trifocal IOLs with similar optical design but different materials. Clin Ophthalmol. 2020;14:3237–47.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ribeiro F, Ferreira TB. Comparison of clinical outcomes of 3 trifocal IOLs. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2020;46(9):1247–52.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ribeiro FJ, Ferreira TB. Comparison of visual and refractive outcomes of 2 trifocal intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2020;46(5):694–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Webers VSC, Bauer NJC, Saelens IEY, Creten OJM, Berendschot T, van den Biggelaar F, Nuijts R. Comparison of the intermediate distance of a trifocal IOL with an extended depth-of-focus IOL: results of a prospective randomized trial. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2020;46(2):193–203.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Auffarth GU, Gerl M, Tsai L, Janakiraman DP, Jackson B, Alarcon A, Dick HB. Clinical evaluation of a new monofocal IOL with enhanced intermediate function in patients with cataract. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2021;47(2):184–91.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Messias A, Ferreira M, Mendonça GC, Queiroz W, Coelho RP, Gekeler K. Influence of pupillary dynamics on the defocus curve of eyes implanted with diffractive multifocal lenses: a randomized study. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2021;84(3):214–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nováček LV, Němcová M, Tyx K, Lahodová K, Rejmont L, Rozsíval P, Studený P. Comparison of