Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA

Coral L. Shuster & Barry M. Lester

Department of Psychology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

Patricia A. Brennan

Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA

Brian S. Carter

Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

Jennifer Check & Jennifer Helderman

Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, RI, USA

Viren D’Sa

University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA

Joyce C. Graff, F. Tylavsky, A. Mason & Q. Zhao

Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

Julie A. Hofheimer & T. Michael O’Shea

Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA

Robert M. Joseph

Department of Psychiatry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA

Laura E. Murphy

Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA

Thomas G. O’Connor

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Lifespan, Providence, RI, USA

Michelle Pievsky

Thompson Center for Autism & Neurodevelopment, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA

Stephen J. Sheinkopf

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

Lauren C. Shuffrey

Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA

Lynne M. Smith

Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children’s Neurodevelopment Center, Lifespan, Providence, RI, USA

Pei-Chi Wu

Department of Pediatrics, Brown Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA

Barry M. Lester

Coordinating Center Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA

P. B. Smith & L. K. Newby

Data Analysis Center: Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

L. P. Jacobson

Research Triangle Institute, Durham, NC, USA

D. J. Catellier

Person-Reported Outcomes Core: Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

R. Gershon & D. Cella

Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

A. N. Alshawabkeh

University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

J. Cordero

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

J. Meeker

Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

J. Aschner

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

S. L. Teitelbaum & A. Stroustrup

Cohen Children’s Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA

A. Stroustrup

Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

S. Merhar

Children’s Hospital and Clinic Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

A. Lampland

University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA

A. Reynolds

University of Florida, College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA

M. Hudak

University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA

G. Pryhuber & R. K. Miller

Vanderbilt Children’s Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA

P. Moore

Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA

L. Washburn

Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA

D. Koinis Mitchell & S. Deoni

Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

A. L. Dunlop

University of Washington, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA

C. Karr

Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA

S. Sathyanarayana

University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

N. Bush & K. Z. LeWinn

Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA

B. Lester

Children’s Mercy, Kansas City, MO, USA

B. Carter

Corewell Health, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA

S. Pastyrnak

Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, Honolulu, HI, USA

C. Neal

University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Magee Women’s Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

H. Simhan

Magee Women’s Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

C. Buss & P. Wadhwa

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

K. Huff

Baystate Children’s Hospital, Springfield, MA, USA

R. Vaidya

Beaumont Children’s Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA

R. Obeid

Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

C. Rollins

East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA

K. Bear

Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA

M. Lenski

Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA

R. Singh

University of Chicago Comer Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

M. Msall

University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

J. Frazier

Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston Salem, NC, USA

S. Gogcu

Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

A. Montgomery

Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

K. Kuban, L. Douglass & H. Jara

Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

J. Herbstman

University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

J. Stanford, C. Porucznik & A. Giardino

C.S., B.C., J.A.H., R.J., T.O., M.O., S.S., L.C.S., L.M.S. contributed significantly to study design. C.S. conducted data analysis and interpretation of results. C.S., P.B., B.C., J.C., V.D., J.G., J.H., J.A.H., R.J., L.M., T.O., M.O., M.P., S.S., L.C.S., L.M.S., P.C.W., B.L. assisted with critical revisions for important intellectual content and approved of the final version.