Moreira ED Jr, Brock G, Glasser DB, Nicolosi A, Laumann EO, Paik A, et al. Help-seeking behaviour for sexual problems: the global study of sexual attitudes and behaviors. Int J Clin Pract. 2005;59:6–16.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Serefoglu EC, McMahon CG, Waldinger MD, Althof SE, Shindel A, Adaikan G, et al. An evidence-based unified definition of lifelong and acquired premature ejaculation: report of the second International Society for Sexual Medicine Ad Hoc Committee for the Definition of Premature Ejaculation. Sex Med. 2014;2:41–59.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Alwaal A, Breyer BN, Lue TF. Normal male sexual function: emphasis on orgasm and ejaculation. Fertil Steril. 2015;104:1051–60.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rowland DL, Crawford SB. Idiosyncratic heart rate response in men during sexual arousal. J Sex Med. 2011;8:1383–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zorba OU, Cicek Y, Uzun H, Çetinkaya M, Önem K, Rifaioğlu MM. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in lifelong premature ejaculation: analysis of heart rate variability. Urology. 2012;80:1283–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guinjoan SM, Bonanni Rey RA, Cardinali DP. Correlation between skin potential response and psychopathology in patients with affective disorders. Neuropsychobiology. 1995;31:24–3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Owens A, Low D, Iodice V, Mathias C, Critchley H. Emotion and the autonomic nervous system-a two-way street: insights from affective, autonomic and dissociative disorders. In: Reference module in neuroscience and biobehavioral psychology. Elsevier: Amsterdam; 2017. p. 1–15.

Pattij T, de Jong TR, Uitterdijk A, Waldinger MD, Veening JG, Cools AR, et al. Individual differences in male rat ejaculatory behaviour: searching for models to study ejaculation disorders. Eur J Neurosci. 2005;22:724–34.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morris RGM. Spatial localization does not require the presence of local cues. Learn Motiv. 1981;12:239–60.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hall C. Emotional behavior in the rat. I. Defecation and urination as measures of individual differences in emotionality. J Comp Psychol. 1934;18:385–403.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bartikofsky D, Hertz MJ, Bauer DS, Altschuler R, King WM, Stewart CE. Balance beam crossing times are slower after noise exposure in rats. Front Integr Neurosci. 2023;17:1196477.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Waldinger MD. The neurobiological approach to premature ejaculation. J Urol. 2002;168:2359–67.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guo L, Liu Y, Wang X, Yuan M, Yu Y, Zhang X, et al. Significance of penile hypersensitivity in premature ejaculation. Sci Rep. 2017;7:10441.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen X, Wang FX, Hu C, Yang NQ, Dai JC. Penile sensory thresholds in subtypes of premature ejaculation: implications of comorbid erectile dysfunction. Asian J Androl. 2018;20:330–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huang Y, Zhang X, Gao J, Tang D, Gao P, Peng D, et al. Association of STin2 VNTR polymorphism of serotonin transporter gene with lifelong premature ejaculation: a case-control study in Han Chinese subjects. Med Sci Monitor. 2016;22:3588–94.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shamloul R, el-Nashaar A. Chronic prostatitis in premature ejaculation: a cohort study in 153 men. J Sex Med. 2006;3:150–4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Li X, Zhou K, Zhou M, Xia K, Xu Y, et al. Influence of experimental autoimmune prostatitis on sexual function and the anti-inflammatory efficacy of celecoxib in a rat model. Front Immunol. 2020;11:574212.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cinar O, Durmus N, Aslan G, Demir O, Evcim AS, Gidener S, et al. Effects of the dopamine D3 receptor agonist 7-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino) tetralin in hyperthyroidism-induced premature ejaculation rat model. Andrologia. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/and.12956.

Xia JD, Chen J, Yang BB, Sun HJ, Zhu GQ, Dai YT, et al. Differences in sympathetic nervous system activity and NMDA receptor levels within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in rats with differential ejaculatory behavior. Asian J Androl. 2018;20:355–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang QJ, Yang BB, Yang J, Wang YM, Dai YT, Song NH, et al. Inhibitory role of gamma-aminobutyric receptors in paraventricular nucleus on ejaculatory responses in rats. J Sex Med. 2020;17:614–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang B, Hong Z, Luse DC, Han Y, Sun G, Feng Y, et al. The diagnostic role of neurophysiological tests for premature ejaculation: a prospective multicenter study. J Urol. 2022;207:172–82.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Voltas N, Hernández-Martínez C, Arija V, Canals J. The natural course of anxiety symptoms in early adolescence: factors related to persistence. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2017;30:671–86.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ghandour RM, Sherman LJ, Vladutiu CJ, Ali MM, Lynch SE, Bitsko RH, et al. Prevalence and treatment of depression, anxiety, and conduct problems in US children. J Pediatr. 2019 Mar;206:256–.e3.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Katzman MA, Bleau P, Blier P, Chokka P, Kjernisted K, Van Ameringen M, et al. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14:S1.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Althof SE, McMahon CG, Waldinger MD, Serefoglu EC, Shindel AW, Adaikan PG, et al. An update of the International Society of Sexual Medicine’s Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of premature ejaculation (PE). Sex Med. 2014;2:60–90.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Blier P. Neurobiology of depression and mechanism of action of depression treatments. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016;77:e319.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xia JD, Zhou LH, Han YF, Chen Y, Wang R, Dai YT. A reassessment of penile sensory pathways and effects of prilocaine-lidocaine cream in primary premature ejaculation. Int J Impot Res. 2014;26:186–90.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xia JD, Han YF, Zhou LH, Xu ZP, Chen Y, Dai YT. Sympathetic skin response in patients with primary premature ejaculation. Int J Impot Res. 2014;26:31–34.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xia J, Chen T, Chen J, Han Y, Xu Z, Zhou L, et al. The sympathetic skin response located in the penis as a predictor of the response to sertraline treatment in patients with primary premature ejaculation. J Sex Med. 2014;11:2801–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang Y, Lu Y, Song Y, Chen H, Liu X. Correlations and stratification analysis between premature ejaculation and psychological disorders. Andrologia. 2019;51:e13315.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lu B, Nagappan G, Guan X, Nathan PJ, Wren P. BDNF-based synaptic repair as a disease-modifying strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2013;14:401–16.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yin JB, Wu HH, Dong YL, Zhang T, Wang J, Zhang Y, et al. Neurochemical properties of BDNF-containing neurons projecting to rostral ventromedial medulla in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray. Front Neural Circuits. 2014;8:137.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hempstead BL. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: three ligands, many actions. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2015;126:9–19.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Deltheil T, Guiard BP, Cerdan J, David DJ, Tanaka KF, Repérant C, et al. Behavioral and serotonergic consequences of decreasing or increasing hippocampus brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein levels in mice. Neuropharmacology. 2008;55:1006–14.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qiao H, An SC, Xu C, Ma XM. Role of proBDNF and BDNF in dendritic spine plasticity and depressive-like behaviors induced by an animal model of depression. Brain Res. 2017;1663:29–37.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ieraci A, Mallei A, Popoli M. Social isolation stress induces anxious-depressive-like behavior and alterations of neuroplasticity-related genes in adult male mice. Neural Plast. 2016;2016:6212983.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Casagrande BP, Ribeiro AM, Pisani LP, Estadella D. Hippocampal BDNF mediated anxiety-like behaviours induced by obesogenic diet withdrawal. Behav Brain Res. 2023;436:114077.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang JC, Yao W, Hashimoto K. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-TrkB signaling in inflammation-related depression and potential therapeutic targets. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14:721–31.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huang Y, Peng D, Geng H, Dai Y, Jiang H, Zhang X. Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rapid ejaculator rats: a further study. Andrologia. 2021;53:e14134.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Atik YT, Gokce A, Halis F, Cimen HI. Can low serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels be associated with lifelong premature ejaculation?; A pilot study. Andrologia. 2020;52:e13746.