Lacout A, Marsot-Dupuch K, Smoker WR, Lasjaunias P. Foramen tympanicum or foramen of Huschke: pathologic cases and anatomic CT study. Am J Neuroradiol. 2005;26:1317–23.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Akcam T, Hidir Y, Ilica AT, Kilic E, Sencimen M. Temporomandibular joint herniation into the external ear canal through foramen of Huschke. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2011;38:646–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hashimoto T, Ojiri H, Kawai Y. The foramen of Huschke: age and gender specific features after childhood. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;40:743–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ertugrul S, Keskin NK. Relationship of age to foramen of Huschke and investigation of the development of spontaneous temporomandibular joint herniation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;48:534–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Williams PL, Warwick R, Dyson M, Bannister LH. GRAY Anatomy. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara; 1995.

Google Scholar 

Ahmad M, Jenny J, Downieà M. Application of cone beam computed tomography in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Aust Dent J. 2012;57:82–94.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ahmad L, Hollender Q, Anderson Q, Kartha K, Ohrbach R, Truelove ED, John MT, Schiffman EL. Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD): development of image analysis criteria and examiner reliability for image analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;107:844–60.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chicarelli M, França VTB, Walewski LA, Iwaki LCV, Tolentino ES. Temporal bone pneumatization in patients with dentofacial deformities: cone beam computed tomography study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;48:1564–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bhanu PS, Sankar KD. Incidence of Foramen of Huschke in South Andhra Population of India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10:1–3.

Google Scholar 

Park YH, Kim HJ, Park MH. Temporomandibular joint herniation into the external auditory canal. Laryngoscope. 2010;120:2284–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Akbulut N, Kursun S, Aksoy S, Kurt H, Orhan K. Evaluation of foramen tympanicum using cone-beam computed tomography in orthodontic malocclusions. J Craniofac Surg. 2014;25:105–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Olarinoye-Akorede SA, Olanrewaju IS, Suleiman AO. Forame de Huschke (tímpano) em um homem nigeriano com herniação articular de partes moles no conduto auditivo externo. Ann Afr Med. 2014;13:226–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Deniz Y, Geduk G, Zengin AZ. Examination of foramen tympanicum: an anatomical study using cone-beam computed tomography. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2018;77:335–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hawke M, Kwok P, Mehta M, Wang RG. Bilateral spontaneous temporomandibular joint herniation into the external auditory canal. J Otolaryngol. 1987;16:387–9.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Greene MW, Hackney FL, Van Sickels JE. Arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint: an anatomic perspective. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1989;47:386–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Herreira-Ferreira M, Tolentino ES, da Silva MC, Walewski LÂ, Iwaki LCV. Cone-beam computed tomographic study of the persistent foramen tympanicum according to age, sex, and skeletal patterns. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;58:57–61.

Article  Google Scholar 

Meazzini MC, Brusati R, Caprioglio A, Diner P, Garattini G. True hemifacial microsomia and hemimandibular hypoplasia with condylar-coronoid collapse: Diagnostic and prognostic differences. AJO-DO. 2011;139(435):447.

Google Scholar 

Schiffman E, Ohrbach R, Truelove E, et al. Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) for Clinical and Research Applications: recommendations of the International RDC/TMD Consortium Network and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group. J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2014;28(1):6–27. https://doi.org/10.11607/jop.1151.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tyndall SA, Matteson SR. Radiographic appearance and population distribution of the pneumatized articular eminence of the temporal bone. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1985;43:493–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ladeira DB, Barbosa GL, Nascimento MC, Cruz AD, Freitas DQ, Almeida SM. Prevalence and characteristics of pneumatization of the temporal bone evaluated by cone beam computed tomography. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;42:771–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Manfredini D, Segù M, Arveda N, Lombardo L, Siciliani G, Rossi A, Guarda-Nardini L. Temporomandibular joint disorders in patients with different facial morphology A systematic review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;74(29):46.

Google Scholar 

Orhan K, Oz U, Orhan AI, Ulker AE, Delibasi C, Akcam O. Investigation of pneumatized articular eminence in orthodontic malocclusions. Orthod Craniofacial Res. 2010;13:56–60.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang RG, Bingham B, Hawke M, Kwok P, Li JR. Persistence of the foramen of Huschke in the adult: an osteological study. J Otolaryngol. 1991;20:251–3.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rezaian J, Namavar MR, VahdatiNasab V, Nobari ARH, Abedollahi A. Foramen tympanicum or foramen of huschke: a bioarchaeological study on human skeletons from an iron age cemetery at tabriz kabud mosque zone. Iran J Med Sci. 2015;40:367–71.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ribeiro TMC, Freire AR, Junior ED, Botacin PR, Prado FB, Rossi AC. Foramen tympanicum prevalence in the population of Southeast Brazil: a morphological study in computed tomography scans. Folia Morphol. 2022;17:1042–6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lima AT, Leme TC, Barbieri AA, et al. Prevalence of tympanic foramen (or of Huschke) in a Brazilian population: study by cone beam computed tomography. Brazilian Dental Science. 2018;21:204–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hasani M, Hadhnegahdar A, Khojastepour L, Haghighi MJG. Determining the existence of the foramen of Huschke in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders using cone beam computed tomography: retrospective cohort study. BMC Med Imaging. 2022;22:145.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Belgin CA, Serindere G, Aksoy S. Evaluation of the relationship between tympanic plate morphology and degenerative bone changes of condyle and articular eminence. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;122:24–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mathew AL, Sholapurkar AA, Pai KM. Condylar changes and its association with age, TMD, and dentition status: a cross-sectional study. Int J Dent. 2011;2011:413639.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shahab S, Azizi Z, Damghani FT, Damghani FT. Prevalence of osseous changes of the temporomandibular joint in CBCT images of patients with and without temporomandibular disorders. Biosci Biotech Res Comm. 2017;10:518–24.

Article  Google Scholar 

Nah KS. Condylar bony changes in patients with temporomandibular disorders: a CBCT study. Imaging Sci Dent. 2012;42:249–53.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Çakur B, Sümbüllü MA, Durna D, Akgül HM. Prevalência dos tipos de fissura petrotimpânica na disfunção da articulação temporomandibular. Acta radiol. 2011;52:562–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gauer R, Semidey MJ. Diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders. Am Fam Physician. 2015;91(6):378–86.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Scrivani SJ, Keith DA, Kaban LB. Desordens temporomandibulares. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2693.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chisnoiu AM, Picos AM, Popa S, Chisnoiu PD, Lascu L, Picos A. Fatores envolvidos na etiologia das disfunções temporomandibulares uma revisão de literatura. Clujul Med. 2015;88:473.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li W, Dai C. Spontaneous temporomandibular joint herniation into the external auditory canal. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;81:3.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lim K, Jung J, Rhee J, Choi J. Herniação da articulação temporomandibular através do forame de Huschke com zumbido estalante. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2019;136:497–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tasar M, Yetiser S, Saglam M, Tasar A. Deformidade congênita da cavidade comum dos seios frontal, etmoidal e esfenoidal. Fenda Palatina Craniofac J. 2003;40:639–41.

Article  Google Scholar 

Langer J, Begall K. Otosialorréia-diagnóstico e terapia de uma fístula salivar do canal auditivo externo. Laringorrinotologie. 2004;83:606–9.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Miloglu O, Yilmaz AB, Yildirim E, Akgul HM. Pneumatization of the articular eminence on cone beam computed tomography: prevalence, characteristics and a review of the literature. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2011;40:110–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rezende Barbosa GL, Nascimento V, Ladeira DB, Bomtorim VV, Cruz AD, Almeida SM. Accuracy of digital panoramic radiography in the diagnosis of temporal bone pneumatization: a study in vivo using cone-beam-computed tomography. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2014;42:477–81.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khojastepour L, Paknahad M, Abdalipur V, Paknahad M. Prevalence and characteristics of articular eminence pneumatization: a cone-beam computed tomographic study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2018;17:339–44.

Article  PubMed