Pinna L. A historical view of protein kinase CK2. Cell Mol Biol Res. 1994;40:383–90.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Litchfield DW. Protein kinase CK2: structure, regulation and role in cellular decisions of life and death. Biochem J. 2003;369:1–15.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Montenarh M, Götz C. Protein kinase CK2 and ion channels. Biomed Rep. 2020;13:1.

Article  Google Scholar 

Faust RA, Niehans G, Gapany M, Hoistad D, Knapp D, Cherwitz D, et al. Subcellular immunolocalization of protein kinase CK2 in normal and carcinoma cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1999;31:941–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yu H, Yang X, Tang J, Si S, Zhou Z, Lu J, et al. ALKBH5 inhibited cell proliferation and sensitized bladder cancer cells to cisplatin by m6A-CK2α-mediated glycolysis. Molr Ther Nucleic Acids. 2021;23:27–41.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kwon J, Zhang J, Mok B, Han C. CK2-Mediated phosphorylation upregulates the stability of USP13 and promotes ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Cancers. 2022;15:200.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Siddiqui YH, Kershaw RM, Humphreys EH, Assis Junior E, Chaudhri S, Jayaraman P-S, et al. CK2 abrogates the inhibitory effects of PRH/HHEX on prostate cancer cell migration and invasion and acts through PRH to control cell proliferation. Oncogenesis. 2017;6:e293.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Im D-K, Cheong H, Lee JS, Oh M-K, Yang KM. Protein kinase CK2-dependent aerobic glycolysis-induced lactate dehydrogenase A enhances the migration and invasion of cancer cells. Sci Rep. 2019;9:1–11.

Article  Google Scholar 

Niechi I, Silva E, Cabello P, Huerta H, Carrasco V, Villar P, et al. Colon cancer cell invasion is promoted by protein kinase CK2 through increase of endothelin-converting enzyme-1c protein stability. Oncotarget. 2015;6:42749.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wu D, Sui C, Meng F, Tian X, Fu L, Li Y, et al. Stable knockdown of protein kinase CK2-alpha (CK2α) inhibits migration and invasion and induces inactivation of hedgehog signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep G2 cells. Acta Histochem. 2014;116:1501–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qaiser F, Trembley JH, Kren BT, Wu JJ, Naveed AK, Ahmed K. Protein kinase CK2 inhibition induces cell death via early impact on mitochondrial function. J Cell Biochem. 2014;115:2103–15.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang L, Ruan X, Gu M, Mueck A. E2+ norethisterone promotes the PI3K–AKT pathway via PGRMC1 to induce breast cancer cell proliferation. Climacteric. 2022;25:467–75.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu T, Zhang L, Joo D, Sun S-C. NF-κB signaling in inflammation. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2017;2:1–9.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhao N, Wang C, Guo P, Hou J, Yang H, Lan T, et al. CCDC106 promotes the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by suppressing p21 transcription through a p53-independent pathway. Bioengineered. 2022;13:10957–73.

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Manni S, Carrino M, Piazza F. Role of protein kinases CK1α and CK2 in multiple myeloma: regulation of pivotal survival and stress-managing pathways. J Hematol Oncol. 2017;10:1–10.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sun J, Zhang X, Sun Y. C1orf109 promotes malignant phenotype of liver cancer via wnt signaling pathway in a CK2-dependent manner. J Mol Histol. 2023;54:135–45.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Quotti Tubi L, Gurrieri C, Brancalion A, Bonaldi L, Bertorelle R, Manni S, et al. Inhibition of protein kinase CK2 with the clinical-grade small ATP-competitive compound CX-4945 or by RNA interference unveils its role in acute myeloid leukemia cell survival, p53-dependent apoptosis and daunorubicin-induced cytotoxicity. J Hematol Oncol. 2013;6:1–15.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ren X, Feng C, Wang Y, Chen P, Wang S, Wang J, et al. SLC39A10 promotes malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells by activating the CK2-mediated MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Exp Mol Med. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-023-01062-5.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zou J, Luo H, Zeng Q, Dong Z, Wu D, Liu L. Protein kinase CK2α is overexpressed in colorectal cancer and modulates cell proliferation and invasion via regulating EMT-related genes. J Transl Med. 2011;9:1–11.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gandin V, Masvidal L, Cargnello M, Gyenis L, McLaughlan S, Cai Y, et al. mTORC1 and CK2 coordinate ternary and eIF4F complex assembly. Nat Commun. 2016;7:11127.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim S, Ham S, Yang K, Kim K. Protein kinase CK2 activation is required for transforming growth factor β-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Mol Oncol. 2018;12:1811–26.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Turowec JP, Duncan JS, Gloor GB, Litchfield DW. Regulation of caspase pathways by protein kinase CK2: identification of proteins with overlapping CK2 and caspase consensus motifs. Mol Cell Biochem. 2011;356:159–67.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mortezaee K. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer immunotherapy-clinical perspectives. Life Sci. 2021;277: 119627.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Trembley J, Wang G, Unger G, Slaton J, Ahmed K. Protein kinase CK2 in health and disease: CK2: a key player in cancer biology. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009;66:1858–67.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nipun V, Amin K. Recent advances in protein kinase CK2, a potential therapeutic target in cancer. Russ J Bioorg Chem. 2022;48:919–31.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Viola A, Munari F, Sánchez-Rodríguez R, Scolaro T, Castegna A. The metabolic signature of macrophage responses. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1462.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ruzzene M, Bertacchini J, Toker A, Marmiroli S. Cross-talk between the CK2 and AKT signaling pathways in cancer. Adv Biol Regul. 2017;64:1–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hwang S-Y, Chae J-I, Kwak A-W, Lee M-H, Shim J-H. Alternative options for skin cancer therapy via regulation of AKT and related signaling pathways. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21:6869.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Duan Y, Haybaeck J, Yang Z. Therapeutic potential of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: rationale and progress. Cancers. 2020;12:2972.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen J-F, Wu P, Xia R, Yang J, Huo X-Y, Gu D-Y, et al. STAT3-induced lncRNA HAGLROS overexpression contributes to the malignant progression of gastric cancer cells via mTOR signal-mediated inhibition of autophagy. Mol Cancer. 2018;17:1–16.

Article  Google Scholar 

Trembley JH, Kren BT, Abedin MJ, Shaughnessy DP, Li Y, Dehm SM, et al. CK2 pro-survival role in prostate cancer is mediated via maintenance and promotion of androgen receptor and NFκB p65 expression. Pharmaceuticals. 2019;12:89.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Romieu-Mourez R, Landesman-Bollag E, Seldin DC, Sonenshein GE. Protein kinase CK2 promotes aberrant activation of nuclear factor-κB, transformed phenotype, and survival of breast cancer cells. Can Res. 2002;62:6770–8.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Borgo C, D’Amore C, Sarno S, Salvi M, Ruzzene M. Protein kinase CK2: A potential therapeutic target for diverse human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021;6:183.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aparicio-Siegmund S, Sommer J, Monhasery N, Schwanbeck R, Keil E, Finkenstädt D, et al. Inhibition of protein kinase II (CK2) prevents induced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1/3 and constitutive STAT3 activation. Oncotarget. 2014;5:2131.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lecarpentier Y, Schussler O, Hébert J-L, Vallée A. Multiple targets of the canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling in cancers. Front Oncol. 2019;9:1248.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Firnau M-B, Brieger A. CK2 and the hallmarks of cancer. Biomedicines. 2022;10:1987.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang S, Yang Y-L, Wang Y, You B, Dai Y, Chan G, et al. CK2α, over-expressed in human malignant pleural mesothelioma, regulates the Hedgehog signaling pathway in mesothelioma cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2014;33:1–12.

Google Scholar 

Lauffenburger DA, Horwitz AF. Cell migration: a physically integrated molecular process. Cell. 1996;84:359–69.

Article  CAS