From the aDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD

bMy Houston Surgeons, Houston, TX.

Received October 4, 2023, and accepted for publication, after revision January 2, 2024.

Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared.

Presented at the American College of Surgeons Maryland Chapter Annual Meeting, April 1, 2023, Baltimore, MD.

All authors did the study concept and design. B.F. and G.A.L. did the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data. B.H. and G.A.L. did the drafting of the manuscript. All authors did the critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. B.H. did the statistical analysis. B.F., M.P.G., and G.A.L. did the administrative, technical, or material support.

Reprints: Gregory A. Lamaris, MD, PhD, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, 110 S Paca St, Ste 4-S-125, Baltimore, MD 21201. E-mail: [email protected].