From the aDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China

bDepartment of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University

cCenter for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

dDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.

Received May 27, 2023, and accepted for publication, after revision February 16, 2024.

The first 2 authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co–first authors.

The last 2 authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co–corresponding authors.

Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: Zhongshan Hospital, 2021ZSQN31.

All animal protocols were approved by the Experimental Animal Administration Committee of Fudan University.

Reprints: Feng Zhang, MD, PhD, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China. E-mail: [email protected]; William C. Lineaweaver, MD, Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN. E-mail: [email protected].