Riveting technique in percutaneous balloon compression for trigeminal neuralgia remedy

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a hyperexcitability disorder of trigeminal nerve, typically characterized by unilateral, severe, paroxysmal pain in one or more divisions of trigeminal distribution and can be triggered by innocuous stimuli[1]. It has been described in the literature as one of the most debilitating presentations of orofacial pain affecting 3–27 persons per 100,000 populations, with higher incidence in senior Asian[2], [3], [4]. Albeit anticonvulsive medications may relieve the symptoms in the early phase, they are not sustainable in long term. Despite less invasion, the effective of radiosurgery is delayed with high recurrence. Although microvascular decompression (MVD) has been deemed as an etiological treatment, it cannot cure all the patients, especially those with no offending vessel discovered intraoperatively or those with idiopathic TN[5]. However, percutaneous approaches to the Gasserian ganglion through the foramen ovale could be an alternative[6]. Similar to the dorsal root ganglia in somatic sensations, the trigeminal ganglion plays a crucial role in initiating action potentials, as well as facilitating protein synthesis and energy provision. Consequently, blocking it results in the deactivation of the trigeminus and prevents afferent impulses from reaching the nervus centralis. As the trigeminal ganglion occupies a very small semilunar space in front of Meckel's cave, the effect of glycerol rhizotomy or radiofrequency thermocoagulation is limited due to the gradual attenuation of glycerol concentration or thermocoagulation power from center to periphery. Conversely, an inflated balloon in Meckel's cave effectively transmits pressure to the ganglion, which consists of neuronal cell bodies belonging to the central nervous system and cannot regenerate once destroyed. This elucidates the underlying reason why a successful PBC can lead to non-recurrence. Consequently, for the purpose of achieving a satisfactory outcome, it is recommended to concentrate the compression towards the front of the room. In this article, we present an riveting technique - employing traction on the inflated balloon - to apply additional pressure on the semilunar ganglion

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