Ravelli A, Martini A. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Lancet. 2007;369:767–78.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Horneff G, Borchert J, Heinrich R, Kock S, Klaus P, Dally H, et al. Incidence, prevalence, and comorbidities of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Germany: a retrospective observational cohort health claims database study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2022;20:100.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Petty RE, Southwood TR, Manners P, Baum J, Glass DN, Goldenberg J, et al. International league of associations for rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:390–2.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Farpour-Lambert NJ, Keller-Marchand L, Schwitzgebel V, Dubuis JM, Hans D, et al. [Physical exercise and bone development in chronically ill children]. Exercice physique et developpement osseux de l’enfant malade chronique. Rev Méd Suisse. 2004;124:73–5.

Google Scholar 

Sandstedt E, Fasth A, Fors H, Beckung E. Bone health in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and the influence of short-term physical exercise. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2012;24:155–62.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Knops N, Wulffraat N, Lodder S, Houwen R, de Meer K. Resting energy expenditure and nutritional status in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1999;26:2039–43.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gutierrez-Suarez R, Pistorio A, Cruz Cespedes A, Norambuena X, Rumba I, et al. Health-related quality of life of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis coming from 3 different geographic areas. The PRINTO multinational quality of life cohort study. Rheumatology. 2007;46:314–20.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sandstedt E, Fasth A, Eek MN, Beckung E. Muscle strength, physical fitness and well-being in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and the effect of an exercise programme: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2013;11:7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Baydogan SN, Tarakci E, Kasapcopur O. Effect of strengthening versus balance-proprioceptive exercises on lower extremity function in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a randomized, single-blind clinical trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;94:417–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mendonca TM, Terreri MT, Silva CH, Bernardino Neto M, Pinto RM, Natour J, et al. Effects of pilates exercises on health-related quality of life in individuals with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013;94:2093–102.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gualano B, Bonfa E, Pereira RMR, Silva CA. Physical activity for paediatric rheumatic diseases: standing up against old paradigms. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017;13:368–79.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bos GJ, Lelieveld OT, Armbrust W, Sauer PJ, Geertzen JH, Dijkstra PU. Physical activity in children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis compared to controls. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2016;14(1):42.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lelieveld OTHM, Armbrust W, Van Leeuwen MA, Duppen N, Geertzen JHB, Sauer PJJ, et al. Physical activity in adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res. 2008;59:1379–84.

Article  Google Scholar 

World Health Organization. Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. WHO 2010, Geneva.

Risum K, Hansen BH, Selvaag AM, Molberg O, Dagfinrud H, Sanner H. Physical activity in patients with oligo- and polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis diagnosed in the era of biologics: a controlled cross-sectional study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2018;16:64.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Minden K, Niewerth M, Listing J, Zink A. German study Group of Pediatric Rheumatologists. Health care provision in pediatric rheumatology in Germany: national rheumatologic database. J Rheumatol. 2002;29:622–8.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schenck S, Niewerth M, Sengler C, Trauzeddel R, Thon A, Minden K, et al. Prevalence of overweight in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2015;44:288–95.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Klotsche J, Raab A, Niewerth M, Sengler C, Ganser G, Kallinich T, et al. Outcome and trends in treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the German National Pediatric Rheumatologic Database, 2000–2013. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68:3023–34.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Finger JD, Varnaccia G, Borrmann A, Lange C, Mensink GBM. Physical activity among children and adolescents in Germany. Results of the cross-sectional KiGGS Wave 2 study and trends. J  Health Monit. 2018;3:23–30.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kurth BM, Kamtsiuris P, Hölling H, Schlaud M, Dölle R, Ellert U, et al. The challenge of comprehensively mapping children’s health in a nation-wide health survey: design of the German KiGGS-Study. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:196.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Moss A, Wabitsch M. Referenzwerte für den Body-Mass-Index für Kinder, Jugendliche und Erwachsene in Deutschland: Anpassung der AGA-BMI_Referenz im Altersbereich von 15 bis 18 Jahren. Adipositas. 2015;9:123–7.

Google Scholar 

Foeldvari I, Ruperto N, Dressler F, Hafner R, Kuster RM, Michels H, et al. The German version of the childhood health assessment questionnaire (CHAQ) and the child health questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001;19(Suppl 23):S71–5.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Consolaro A, Negro G, Chiara Gallo M, Bracciolini G, Ferrari C, Schiappapietra B, et al. Defining criteria for disease activity states in nonsystemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis based on a three-variable juvenile arthritis disease activity score. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014;66:1703–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Trincianti C, Van Dijkhuizen EHP, Alongi A, Mazzoni M, Swart JF, Nikishina I, et al. Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. Definition and Validation of the American College of Rheumatology 2021 Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score Cutoffs for Disease Activity States in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021;73:1996–75.

Article  Google Scholar 

Nørgaard M, Twilt M, Andersen LB, Herlin T. Accelerometry-based monitoring of daily physical activity in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2016;45:179–87.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sherman G, Nemet D, Moshe V, Consolaro A, Ravelli A, Ruperto N, et al. Disease activity, overweight, physical activity and screen time in a cohort of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018;36:1110–6.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hyrich KL, Lal SD, Foster HE, Thornton J, Adib N, Baildam E, et al. Disease activity and disability in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis one year following presentation to paediatric rheumatology. Results from the Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010;49:116–22.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Giannini MJ, Protas EJ. Aerobic capacity in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy children. Arthritis Care Res. 1991;4:131–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Malleson PN, Bennett SM, MacKinnon M, Jespersen DK, Coutts KD, Turner SP, et al. Physical fitness and its relationship to other indices of health status in children with chronic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1996;23:1059–65.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kasman SA, Karaahmet ÖZ, Hastürk AB, Başaran Ö, Acar BC, Gezer HH, et al. The importance of lower extremity involvement type on exercise performances, function, and quality of life in peripheral predominant forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Adv Rheumatol. 2021;61:39.

Article  Google Scholar 

van Sluijs EMF, Ekelund U, Crochemore-Silva I, Guthold R, Ha A, Lubans D, et al. Physical activity behaviours in adolescence: current evidence and opportunities for intervention. Lancet. 2021;398:429–42.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nilsen SA, Stormark KM, Heradstveit O, Breivik K. Trends in physical health complaints among adolescents from 2014–2019: Considering screen time, social media use, and physical activity. SSM Popul Health. 2023;22: 101394.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pfeifer K, Banzer W, Ferrari N, Füzéki E, Geidl W, Graf C, et al. Recommendations for physical activity. In: Rütten A, Pfeifer K, editors., et al., National Recommendations for Physical Activity and Physical Activity Promotion. Erlangen-Nuernberg: FAU University Press; 2016. p. 18–50.

Google Scholar 

Farooq A, Martin A, Janssen X, Wilson MG, Gibson AM, Hughes A, et al. Longitudinal changes in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2020;21: e12953.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bohr AH, Nielsen S, Müller K, Karup Pedersen F, Andersen LB. Reduced physical activity in children and adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis despite satisfactory control of inflammation. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2015;13:1–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Heale LD, Houghton KM, Rezaei E, Baxter-Jones ADG, Tupper SM, Muhajarine N, et al. Clinical and psychosocial stress factors are associated with decline in physical activity over time in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2021;19:97.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Onel KB, Horton DB, Lovell DJ, Shenoi S, Cuello CA, Angeles-Han ST, et al. 2021 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Recommendations for Nonpharmacologic Therapies, Medication Monitoring, Immunizations, and Imaging. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2022;74:505–20.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ludwig-Walz H, Siemens W, Heinisch S, Dannheim I, Loss J, Bujard M. Physical activity and physical fitness among children and adolescents after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the WHO European Region: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open. 2023;13: e073397.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Albrecht K, Binder S, Minden K, Poddubnyy D, Regierer AC, Strangfeld A, et al. Systematic review to estimate the prevalence of inflammatory rheumatic diseases in Germany. Z Rheumatol. 2024;83:20–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Masse LC, de Niet JE. Sources of validity evidence needed with self-report measures of physical activity. J Phys Act Health. 2012;9:S44-55.

Article  PubMed