1A.T. Cianciolo is professor, Department of Medical Education, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-9304.

2B.C. O’Brien is professor, Department of Medicine, and education scientist, Center for Faculty Educators, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9591-5243.

3D.L. Klamen is professor and chair, Department of Medical Education, and senior associate dean for education and curriculum, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5471-6635.

4J. Mellinger is vice president, American Board of Surgery, and professor emeritus, Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4230-311X.

Correspondence should be addressed to Anna T. Cianciolo, Department of Medical Education, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, PO Box 19681, Springfield, IL 62794-9681; telephone: (217) 545-0123; email: [email protected].

Supplemental digital content for this article is available at https://links.lww.com/ACADMED/B533.

Funding/Support: This article reports conceptual groundwork conducted as part of a collaboratory funded by the Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Institute for the Transformation of Medical Education to explore the foundation of a data science of character.

Other disclosures: None reported.

Ethical approval: Reported as not applicable.