Edvinsson L, Villalón CM, MaassenVanDenBrink A (2012) Basic mechanisms of migraine and its acute treatment. Pharmacol Ther 136(3):319–333

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yuan Z, Li W, Tang H, Mei Y, Qiu D, Zhang M et al (2023) Enlarged perivascular spaces in patients with migraine: a case–control study based on 3T MRI. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 10(7):1160–1169

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ashina M, Katsarava Z, Do TP, Buse DC, Pozo-Rosich P, Özge A et al (2021) Migraine: epidemiology and systems of care. Lancet 397(10283):1485–1495

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Steiner TJ, Stovner LJ (2023) Global epidemiology of migraine and its implications for public health and health policy. Nat Rev Neurol 19(2):109–117

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu X, Wu G, Tang N, Li L, Liu C, Wang F, Ke S (2021) Glymphatic drainage blocking aggravates brain edema, neuroinflammation via modulating TNF-α, IL-10, and AQP4 after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Front Cell Neurosci 15:784154

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

(2018) Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) the international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia 38(1):1–211

Bhatt S, Nagappa AN, Patil CR (2020) Role of oxidative stress in depression. Drug Discov Today 25:1270–1276

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kepp O, Galluzzi L, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G (2010) Pyroptosis-A cell death modality of its kind? Eur J Immunol 40:627–630

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rainville JR, Hode GE (2019) Inflaming sex differences in mood disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 44:184–199

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xue JH, Yanamoto H, Nakajo Y, Tohnai N, Nakano Y, Hori T, Iihara K, Miyamoto S (2009) Induced spreading depression evokes cell division of astrocytes in the subpial zone, generating neural precursor-like cells and new immature neurons in the adult cerebral cortex. Stroke 40:e606-613

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sukhotinsky I, Dilekoz E, Wang Y, Qin T, Eikermann-Haerter K, Waeber C, Ayata C (2011) Chronic daily cortical spreading depressions suppress spreading depression susceptibility. Cephalalgia 31:1601–1608

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gu S, Li Y, Jiang Y, Huang JH, Wang F (2022) Glymphatic dysfunction induced oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation in major depression disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 11(11):2296

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang XC, Kainz V, Burstein R, Levy D (2011) Tumor necrosis factoralpha induces sensitization of meningeal nociceptors mediated via local COX and p38 MAP kinase actions. Pain 152:140–149

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

He W, Long T, Pan Q, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Qin G, Chen L et al (2019) Microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation mediates IL-1beta release and contributes to central sensitization in a recurrent nitroglycerin-induced migraine model. J Neuroinflammation 16:78

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Thuraiaiyah J, Erritzoe-Jervild M, Al-Khazali HM, Schytz HW, Younis S (2022) The role of cytokines in migraine: a systematic review. Cephalalgia 42(14):1565–1588

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Spekker E, Tanaka M, Szabo A, Vecsei L (2021) Neurogenic inflammation: the participant in migraine and recent advancements in translational research. Biomedicines 10(1):76

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Iyengar S, Johnson KW, Ossipov MH, Aurora SK (2019) CGRP and the trigeminal system in migraine. Headache 59:659–681

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Goadsby PJ, Edvinsson L, Ekman R (1990) Vasoactive peptide release in the extracerebral circulation of humans during migraine headache. Ann Neurol 28(2):183–187

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yi T, Gao P, Zhu T, Yin H, Jin S (2022) Glymphatic system dysfunction: a novel mediator of sleep disorders and headaches. Front Neurol 13:885020

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mukherjee S, Mirzaee M, Tithof J (2023) Quantifying the relationship between spreading depolarization and perivascular cerebrospinal fluid flow. Sci Rep 13:12405

Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim J, Lee DA, Lee HJ, Park BS, Ko J, Park SH (2022) Glymphatic system dysfunction in patients with cluster headache. Brain Behav 12:e2631

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Charles AC, Baca SM (2013) Cortical spreading depression and migraine. Nat Rev Neurol 9:637–644

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schain AJ, Melo-Carrillo A, Strassman AM, Burstein R (2017) Cortical spreading depression closes paravascular space and impairs glymphatic flow: implications for migraine headache. J Neurosci 37:2904–2915

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ciurea AV, Mohan AG, Covache-Busuioc RA, Costin HP, Saceleanu VM (2023) The Brain’s glymphatic system: drawing new perspectives in neuroscience. Brain Sci 13:1005

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ellis S (2006) Structure and function of the lymphatic system: an overview. Br J Community Nurs 11:S4–S6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Raichle ME, Gusnard DA (2002) Appraising the brain’s energy budget. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(16):10237–10239

Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mathiisen TM, Lehre KP, Danbolt NC, Ottersen OP (2010) The perivascular astroglial sheath provides a complete covering of the brain microvessels: an electron microscopic 3D reconstruction. Glia 58(9):1094–1103

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rennels M, Gregory TF, Blaumanis OR, Fujimoto K, Grady PA (1985) Evidence for a ‘paravascular’ fluid circulation in the mammalian central nervous system, provided by the rapid distribution of tracer protein throughout the brain from the subarachnoid space. Brain Res 326(1):47–63

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lun MP, Monuki ES, Lehtinen MK (2015) Development and functions of the choroid plexus–cerebrospinal fluid system. Nat Rev Neurosci 16:445–457

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aldred AR, Brack CM, Schreiber G (1995) The cerebral expression of plasma protein genes in different species. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 111:1–15

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Iliff JJ, Wang M, Liao Y, Plogg BA, Peng W, Gundersen GA et al (2012) A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amy- loid b. Sci Transl Med 4:147ra111

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tarasoff-Conway JM, Carare RO, Osorio RS, Glodzik L, Butler T, Fieremans E (2015) Clearance systems in the brain-implications for Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol 11:457–470

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Adigun OO, Al-Dhahir MA (2023) Anatomy, head and neck: cerebrospinal fluid. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459286/

Google Scholar 

Gouveia-Freitas K, Bastos-Leite AJ (2021) Perivascular spaces and brain waste clearance systems: relevance for neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular pathology. Neuroradiology 63:1581–1597

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kassem NA, Deane R, Segal MB, Preston JE (2006) Role of transthyretin in thyroxine transfer from cerebrospinal fluid to brain and choroid plexus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 291:R1310–R1315

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Asgari M, de Zélicourt D, Kurtcuoglu V (2016) Glymphatic solute transport does not require bulk flow. Sci Rep 6:38635

Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li W, Chen D, Liu N, Luan Y, Zhu S, Wang H (2022) Modulation of lymphatic transport in the central nervous system. Theranostics 12(3):1117–1131

Article  CAS  PubMed