1   Department of Scientific Research, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

2   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

3   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

2   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

4   Department of Chemotherapy, Chinese Academy of Sciences University Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

,

Wenfeng Fang

5   Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou Guangdong, People's Republic of China

,

Ziming Li

6   Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

,

Aijun Liu

7   Senior Department of Pathology, the 7th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China

,

Jinpu Yu

8   Department of Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China

,

Wenzhao Zhong

9   Department of Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Guangzhou Guangdong, People's Republic of China

,

Zhijie Wang

10   State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China

,

Yongchang Zhang

11   Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha Hunan, People's Republic of China

,

Jingjing Liu

12   Department of Thoracic Cancer, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Jilin Changchun, People's Republic of China

,

Shirong Zhang

13   Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

,

Xiuyu Cai

14   Department of VIP Inpatient, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China

,

Anwen Liu

15   Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, People's Republic of China

,

Wen Li

16   Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

,

Ping Zhan

2   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

Hongbing Liu

2   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

Tangfeng Lv

2   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

Liyun Miao

17   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

Lingfeng Min

18   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Clinical Medical School of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

Yu Chen

19   Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou Fujian, People's Republic of China

,

Jingping Yuan

20   Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan Hubei, People's Republic of China

,

Feng Wang

21   Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Center of PLA, Qinhuai Medical Area, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

Zhansheng Jiang

22   Department of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China

,

Gen Lin

19   Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou Fujian, People's Republic of China

,

Long Huang

15   Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, People's Republic of China

,

Xingxiang Pu

23   Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha Hunan, People's Republic of China

,

Rongbo Lin

19   Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou Fujian, People's Republic of China

,

Weifeng Liu

24   Department of Orthopaedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China

,

Chuangzhou Rao

25   Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Hwamei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

,

Dongqing Lv

26   Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

,

Zongyang Yu

27   Department of Respiratory Medicine, the 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team (the Former Fuzhou General Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou Fujian, People's Republic of China

,

Xiaoyan Li

28   Department of Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China

,

Chuanhao Tang

29   Department of Medical Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China

,

Chengzhi Zhou

30   Department of State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou Guangdong, People's Republic of China

,

Junping Zhang

31   Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan Shanxi, People's Republic of China

,

Junli Xue

32   Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

,

Hui Guo

33   Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, People's Republic of China

,

Qian Chu

34   Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, People's Republic of China

,

Rui Meng

35   Department of Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, People's Republic of China

,

Jingxun Wu

36   Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen Fujian, People's Republic of China

,

Rui Zhang

37   Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning, People's Republic of China

,

Jin Zhou

38   Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu Sichuan, People's Republic of China

,

Zhengfei Zhu

39   Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

,

Yongheng Li

40   Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China

,

Hong Qiu

34   Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, People's Republic of China

,

Fan Xia

39   Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

,

Yuanyuan Lu

41   Department of State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, People's Republic of China

,

Xiaofeng Chen

42   Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

Rui Ge

43   Department of General Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

,

Enyong Dai

44   Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, People's Republic of China

,

Yu Han

45   Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China

,

Weiwei Pan

46   Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

,

Fei Pang

47   Department of Medical, Shanghai OrigiMed Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China

,

Qingqing He

47   Department of Medical, Shanghai OrigiMed Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China

,

Jintao Huang

47   Department of Medical, Shanghai OrigiMed Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China

,

Kai Wang

47   Department of Medical, Shanghai OrigiMed Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China

,

Fan Wu

48   Department of Medical, Stone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China

,

Bingwei Xu

49   Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China

,

Liping Wang

50   Department of Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China

,

Youcai Zhu

51   Department of Thoracic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

,

Li Lin

29   Department of Medical Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China

,

Yanru Xie

52   Department of Oncology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

,

Xinqing Lin

30   Department of State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou Guangdong, People's Republic of China

,

Jing Cai

15   Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, People's Republic of China

,

Ling Xu

53   Department of Interventional Pulmonary Diseases, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei Anhui, People's Republic of China

,

Jisheng Li

54   Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinnan Shangdong, People's Republic of China

,

Xiaodong Jiao

55   Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

,

Kainan Li

56   Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan Shandong, People's Republic of China

,

Jia Wei

57   Department of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

Huijing Feng

31   Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan Shanxi, People's Republic of China

,

Lin Wang

58   Department of Pathology, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan Shanxi, People's Republic of China

,

Yingying Du

59   Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Anhui, People's Republic of China

,

Wang Yao

60   Department of Interventional Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, People's Republic of China

,

Xuefei Shi

61   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

,

Xiaomin Niu

6   Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

,

Dongmei Yuan

2   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

Yanwen Yao

2   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

Jianhui Huang

52   Department of Oncology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

,

Yue Feng

62   Department of Gynecologic Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Sciences University Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

,

Yinbin Zhang

63   Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi′an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, People's Republic of China

,

Pingli Sun

64   Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, People's Republic of China

,

Hong Wang

65   Senior Department of Oncology, The 5th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China

,

Mingxiang Ye

2   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

Zhaofeng Wang

2   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

Yue Hao

4   Department of Chemotherapy, Chinese Academy of Sciences University Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

,

Zhen Wang

66   Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

Bin Wan

67   Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

Donglai Lv

68   Department of Clinical Oncology, The 901 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People Liberation Army, Hefei Anhui, People's Republic of China

,

Shengjie Yang

69   Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Chuxiong, People's Republic of China

,

Jin Kang

9   Department of Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Guangzhou Guangdong, People's Republic of China

,

Jiatao Zhang

9   Department of Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Guangzhou Guangdong, People's Republic of China

,

Chao Zhang

9   Department of Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Guangzhou Guangdong, People's Republic of China

,

Juanjuan Ou

70   Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China

,

Lin Shi

71   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

,

Yina Wang

72   Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

,

Bihui Li

73   Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, People's Republic of China

,

Zhang Zhang

74   Department of International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China

,

Zhongwu Li

75   Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China

,

Zhefeng Liu

65   Senior Department of Oncology, The 5th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China

,

Nong Yang

11   Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha Hunan, People's Republic of China

,

Lin Wu

23   Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha Hunan, People's Republic of China

,

Huijuan Wang

76   Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou Henan, People's Republic of China

,

Gu Jin

77   Department of Bone and Soft-tissue Surgery, Chinese Academy of Sciences University Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

,

Guansong Wang

78   Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China

,

Jiandong Wang

79   Department of Pathology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

Meiyu Fang

3   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

Yong Fang

80   Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

,

Yuan Li

81   Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

,

Xiaojia Wang

4   Department of Chemotherapy, Chinese Academy of Sciences University Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

,

Yiping Zhang

4   Department of Chemotherapy, Chinese Academy of Sciences University Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

,

Xixu Zhu

66   Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

Yi Shen

82   Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

Shenglin Ma

83   Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

,

Biyun Wang

84   Department of Breast Cancer and Urological Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

,

Lu Si

85   Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China

,

Yong Song

2   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

,

Yuanzhi Lu

86   Department of Clinical Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Guangdong, People's Republic of China

,

Jing Chen

35   Department of Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, People's Republic of China

,

Zhengbo Song

4   Department of Chemotherapy, Chinese Academy of Sciences University Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

› Author Affiliations

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 82002456), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (grant numbers 2022M723207), the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China (grant numbers 2023KY666), Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Science Fund Project (grant numbers 2024ZL372), Qiantang Cross Fund Project (grant numbers 2023-16), National Natural Science Foundation of China of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital Cultivation Project (grant numbers PY2023006), the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China (grant numbers 2024KY812), and The Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (grant numbers Q24H160110).