Zev A. Wainberg: Honoraria (self): Amgen, Arcus, AstraZeneca, Daiichi, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS), Merck, Ipsen, Gilead, Arcus, Astellas, Seagen, Novartis; Advisory/Consultancy: Amgen, Arcus, AstraZeneca, Daiichi, Bayer, BMS, Merck, Ipsen, Novartis, Gilead, Arcus, Astellas, Seagen; Research grant/funding to institution: Amgen, AstraZeneca, Daiichi, Bayer, BMS, Merck, Ipsen, Five Prime, Gilead, Arcus, Astellas, Molecular Templates, Roche/Genentech, Array/Pfizer. Yoon-Koo Kang: Consulting fees (self): Amgen, Novartis, Roche, Daehwa, Zymeworks, Blueprint, Surface Oncology, ALX Oncology, MacroGenics, BMS, Merck, LISCure. Keun-Wook Lee: All support for the present manuscript: Five Prime Therapeutics; Grants or contracts from any entity: All to institution for conducting clinical trials—AstraZeneca, Ono Pharmaceutical, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Merck KGaA, Roche, Pfizer, BeiGene, Leap Therapeutics, ALX Oncology, Zymeworks, Astellas, MacroGenics, Amgen, Seagen, Bolt Therapeutics, Trishula Therapeutics, Oncologie, Pharmacyclics, MedPacto, Green Cross Corp, ABL Bio, Y-Biologics, Daiichi Sankyo, Taiho Pharmaceutical, InventisBio, Elevar Therapeutics, Metafines, Idience, Genome & Company, Exelixis; Honoraria for lectures: Ono Pharmaceutical, Boryung, Daiichi Sankyo, Astellas, Sanofi-Aventis; Participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board: ALX Oncology, Metafines. Shukui Qin: None to disclose. Kensei Yamaguchi: Research grants: Taiho Pharmaceutical; Speakers bureau: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Bristol-Myers Squibb K.K., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Merck Biopharm Co., Ltd. In-Ho Kim: None to disclose. Anwaar Saeed: Research grants (to institution): AstraZeneca, BMS, Merck, Clovis, Exelixis, Actuate Therapeutics, Incyte Corporation, Daiichi Sankyo, Five Prime Therapeutics, Amgen, Innovent Biologics, Dragonfly Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, and BioNTech; Advisory board fees: AstraZeneca, BMS, Exelixis, Pfizer, and Daiichi Sankyo. Sang Cheul Oh: None to disclose. Jin Li: Research grants: Roche; Speakers bureau: Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca. Haci Mehmet Turk: None to disclose. Alexandra Teixeira: Consulting fees: Gilead, Daiichi; Non-remunerative positions of influence: Member of SPO (Sociedade Portuguesa de Oncologia). Erika Hitre: None to disclose. Adrian A. Udrea: Honoraria: AstraZeneca, BMS, Lilly, Novartis, Sandoz, Teva; Consulting/Advisory role: Amgen, BMS, Teva; Travel, accommodations, expenses: Astellas Pharma, Teva. Giovanni Gerardo Cardellino: None to disclose. Raquel Guardeño Sanchez: Consulting fees: Ipsen, Novartis. Anita Zahlten-Kümeli: Employee and stockholder of Amgen Inc. Kate Taylor: Employee and stockholder of Amgen Inc. Peter C. Enzinger: Consultant: ALX Oncology, Amgen, Arcus Biosciences, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Blueprint Medicines, BMS, Chimeric Therapeutics, Celgene, Coherus, Daiichi Sankyo, IDEAYA, Istari, Legend, Lilly, Loxo, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Ono, Servier, Taiho, Takeda, Turning Point Therapeutics, Xencor, Zymeworks.

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later versions. Informed consent to be included in the study, or the equivalent, was obtained from all patients.