aSanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Advocate Health, Charlotte, North Carolina

bJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore

cUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Towson, Maryland, USA

Correspondence to Kevin W. Lobdell, MD, System Director, Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Advocate Health, 1237 Harding Place, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA. Tel: +1 704 208 8542; e-mail: [email protected]