Abel, G., McAuliffe, M., McCarthy, M., Weerasinghe, S., & Kitimbo, A. (2017). Migration and migrants: Regional dimensions and developments. In M. McAuliffe, & M. Ruhs (Eds.), World migration report 2018 (pp. 43–94). International Organisation for Migration [IOM], The UN Migration Agency.

Adeseye, A. (2020). Migrant remittance and household expenditure pattern in Nigeria. Open Journal of Political Science, 10, 73–98. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojps.2021.111006

Article  Google Scholar 

Adhikari, R., Jampaklay, A., & Chamratrithirong, A. (2011). Impact of children’s migration on health and health care-seeking behavior of elderly left behind. BMC Public Health, 11, 143. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/50265928_Impact_of_children%27s_migration_on_health_and_health_care-seeking_behavior_of_elderly_left_behind

African Union Commission (2015). Agenda 2063: The Africa we want : African Union Commission. Retrieved from https://www.au.int › documents › 33126-doc-01_background_note.

Ahlin, T. (2017). Only near is dear? Doing elderly care with everyday ICTs in Indian transnational families. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 32(1), 85–102.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ajibo, H. T., Chukwu, N. E., & Okoye, U. U. (2020). COVID-19, lockdown experiences and the role of social workers in cushioning the effect in Nigeria. Journal of Social Work in Developing Societies, 2(2), 6–13. https://journals.aphriapub.com/index.php/JSWDS/article/view/1141

Google Scholar 

Amadasun, S. (2020a). Social work and COVID-19 pandemic: An action call. SAGE Submissions Preprints. https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.12116418.v1

Amadasun, S. (2020b). COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: What lessons for social work education and practice? International Social Work. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0020872820949620

Amadasun, S., & Omorogiuwa, T. B. E. (2020). Coronavirus and social work: Blueprint to holistic intervention. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.12241226.v1

Antman, F. M. (2012). The impact of migration on family left behind. University of Colorado at Boulder Department of Economics Working Paper No. 10–15. University of Colorado: Boulder, CO, USA.

Ashfaq, A., Abbasi, S. U. R., Ali, R., & Habiba, U. (2016). Elderly parents and international migration of sons: Evidence from Pakistan and Azad Jammu & Kashmir. JIMS, 10(1), 53–65. file:///C:/Users/user/AppData/Local/Temp/JIMS_Vol10_No1_2016_pp53_65_ASHFAQ-1.pdf

Google Scholar 

Ashfaq, A., Saud, M., & Ida, R. (2018). Impact of overseas migration of male children on the health of left behind parents: A study of selected cities of Pakistan & Azad Jammu & Kashmir. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 165, 13–17.

Google Scholar 

Ayodeji, A. M. (2015). Protecting the rights of old people in Nigeria: Towards a legal reform. Journal of Law Policy and Globalization, 40, 131–143.

Google Scholar 

Bailey, A., Hallad, J., & James, K. S. (2018). They had to go’: Indian older adults’ experiences of rationalizing and compensating the absence of migrant children. Sustainability, 10(6), 1–15. https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v10y2018i6p1946-d151726.html

Article  Google Scholar 

Baldassar, L. (2016). De-demonizing distance in mobile family lives: Co-presence, care circulation and polymedia as vibrant matter. Global Networks, 16, 145–163.

Article  Google Scholar 

Brink, P. J., & Wood, M. J. (1998). Advanced designs in nursing research (2nd ed., p. 337). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Book  Google Scholar 

Brooke, J., & Jackson, D. (2020). Older people and COVID-19: Isolation, risk and ageism. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(13–14), 2044–2046. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jocn.15274#jocn15274-bib-0004

Article  Google Scholar 

Brown, M. J., & Weissman, S. B. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on older adults living with HIV: HIV care and psychosocial effects. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 63(6–7), 602–606. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2020.1799281

Article  Google Scholar 

Chen, L. K. (2020). Older adults and COVID-19 pandemic: Resilience matters. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 89,. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.104124

Article  Google Scholar 

Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., & Zhang, L. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan China: A descriptive study. The Lancet, 395(10223), 507–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7

Article  Google Scholar 

Cocuzzo, B., Wrench, A., & O’Malley, C. (2022). Effects of COVID-19 on older adults: Physical, mental, emotional, social, and financial problems seen and unseen. Cureus, 14(9). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.29493

Article  Google Scholar 

Colaizzi, P. F. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it. In R. Valle & M. King (Eds.), Existential phenomenological alternatives for psychology (pp. 48–71). Oxford University Press.

Google Scholar 

Creswell, J. H. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Sage.

Google Scholar 

D'Cruz, M., & Banerjee, D. (2020). ‘An invisible human rights crisis’: The marginalization of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic – An advocacy review. Psychiatry Research, 292, 113369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113369

Article  Google Scholar 

Dowling, M. (2006). Approaches to reflexivity in qualitative research. Nurse Researcher, 3(3), 7–21. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr2006.04.13.3.7.c5975

Article  Google Scholar 

Ebimgbo, S. O., & Okoye, U. O. (2017). Perceived factors that predict the availability of social support when it is needed by older adults in Nnewi, South-East Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Social Sciences, 13(1), 10–18.

Google Scholar 

Ebimgbo, S. O., Atumah, O. N., & Okoye, U. O. (2018). Church-based organizations and their role in the support of older adults in Nnewi, South-east Nigeria. Etude de la Population Africaine/African. Population Studies, 32(2), 4203–4214. https://doi.org/10.11564/32-2-1193

Ebimgbo, S. O., Agwu, P. C., Chukwu, N. E., & Okoye, U. O. (2021). Appraising sufficiency of financial support for older adults in Anambra State. Nigeria. Ageing International, 46(2), 115–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-020-09379-6

Article  Google Scholar 

Ebimgbo, S. O., & Okoye, U. O. (2022). Challenges of left behind older family members with international migrant children in south east Nigeria. Journal of Population Ageing, (Online). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12062-022-09402-5

Ebimgbo, S. O., Nnama-Okechukwu, C. U., Onalu, C. E., & Agha, A. A. (2022a). Perceived adequacy of material support systems available to the childless older adults in Nigeria: Implication for social workers. Ageing International. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-022-09514-5

Ebimgbo, S. O., Nwachukwu, T. S., Ugwu, C. I., Obioji, J. N., Idowu, B. O., & Okoye, U. O. (2022b). “They will only remember us during elections”: The culture of government support to Nigerian older adults and policy consequences. Journal of Aging & Social Policy. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2022.2120322

Ebimgbo, S. O., Chukwu, N. E., & Okoye, U. O. (2022c). “They have better opportunities over there”: Rationalizing emigration of young family members by left-behind older family members in south-east Nigeria. Quarterly on Refugee Problems – AWR Bulletin, 61(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.57947/qrp.v61i1.27

Article  Google Scholar 

Ebimgbo, S. O., Atama, C. S., Igboeli, E. E., Obi-keguna, C. N., & Odo, C. O. (2022d). Community versus family support in care-giving of older adults: Implications for social work practitioners in south-east Nigeria. Community, Works & Family, 25(2), 152–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2021.1926222

Article  Google Scholar 

Egunyomi, D. A. (2012). The adults and aged: The Nigerian situation. In H. O. Osinowo, O. A. Moronkola, & D. A. Egunyomi (Eds.), The adults and aged in Nigeria: Issues and researches (pp. 1–16). Royal People Nig. Ltd.

Google Scholar 

Ekoh, P. C., Agbawodikeizu, P. U., Ejimkararonye, C., George, E. O., Ezulike, C. D., & Nnebe, I. (2020). COVID-19 in rural Nigeria: Diminishing social support for older people in Nigeria. Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, 6, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333721420986301

Article  Google Scholar 

Eurostat. (2017). Asylum statistics. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Asylum_statistics

Evandrou, M., Falkingham, J., Qin, M., & Vlachantoni, A. (2017). Children’s migration and chronic illness among older parents ‘left behind’ in China. SSM - Population Health, 3(2017), 803–807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.10.002

Article  Google Scholar 

Fajemilehin, B. R., & Odebiyi, A. I. (2011). Predictors of elderly persons’ quality of life and health practices in Nigeria. International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 3(7), 245–252. Retrieved from http://www.academicjournals.org/IJSA

Google Scholar 

Falkingham, J., Qin, M., Vlachantoni, A., & Evandrou, M. (2017). Children’s migration and lifestyle-related chronic disease among older parents ‘left behind’ in India. SSM - Population Health 3(2017) 352–357. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29349228

Fanelli, D., & Piazza, F. (2020). Analysis and forecast of COVID-19 spreading in China, Italy and France. Chaos Solitons and Fractals, 134,. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109761

Article  Google Scholar 

Fergus, S., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2005). Adolescent resilience: A framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk. Annual Review Public Health, 26, 399–419.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ferreira, R. J., Buttell, F., & Cannon, C. (2020). COVID-19: Immediate predictors of individual resilience. Sustainability, 12(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166495

Article  Google Scholar 

Finlay, J. M., Kler, J. S., O’Shea, B. Q., Eastman, M. R., Vinson, Y. R., & Kobayashi, L. C. (2021). Coping during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study of older adults across the United States. Frontiers of Public Health, 9,

Article  Google Scholar 

Food and Agricultural Organization’s Statistical Division and Social Policies and Rural Institutions Division. (2017). Evidence on internal and international migration patterns in selected African countries. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7468e.pdf

Google Scholar 

Gadermann, A. C., Thomson, K. C., Richardson, C. G., Gagné, M., McAuliffe, C., Hirani, S., & Jenkins, E. (2021). Examining the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on family mental health in Canada: Findings from a national cross-sectional study. British Medical Journal Open, 11,. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042871

Article  Google Scholar 

Garmezy, N., & Masten, A. S. (1986). Stress, competence, and resilience: Common frontiers for therapist and psychopathologist. Behavior Therapy, 17(5), 500–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(86)80091-0

Article  Google Scholar 

Gassmann, F., Berulava, G., & Tokmazishvili, M. (2013). Economic and social vulnerability in Georgia. United Nations Development Programme.

Gatto, M., Bertuzzo, E., Mari, L., Micoli, S., Carraro, L., Casagrandi, R., & Rinaldo, A. (2020). Spread and dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy: Effects of emergency containment measures. PNAS, 117(19), 10484–10491. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004978117

Article  Google Scholar 

Gentles, S. J., Jack, S. M., Nicholas, D. B., & McKibbon, K. (2014). Critical approach to reflexivity in grounded theory. Qualitative Report, 19(44), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2014.1109

Article  Google Scholar 

Ghimire, S., Singh, D. D., Nath, D., Jeffers, E. M., & Kaphle, M. (2018). Adult children’s migration and well-being of left behind Nepalese elderly parents. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 8(3-4), 154–161. https://doi.org/10.2991/j.jegh.2018.07.004

Article  Google Scholar 

Gopinath, G. (2020). The great lockdown: Worst economic downturn since the great depression. The International Monetary Fund. https://blogs.imf.org/2020/04/14/the-greatlockdown-worst-economic-downturn-since-the-great-depression/

Henderson, N., & Milstein, M. M. (1996). Management of organizational behavior: Utilizing human resources (5th ed.). Corwin Press.

Google Scholar 

Human Right Watch (2020). Nigeria: Protect Most Vulnerable in COVID-19 Response: Extended Lockdown Threatens Livelihoods of Millions.https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/14/nigeria-protect-most-vulnerable-covid-19-response#

Hunt, L. (2017). New Gambia, new migration? http://www.refworld.org/docid/58dd0fc04.html

Husain, M. J., Datta, B. K., Kostova, D., Joseph, K. T., Asma, S., Richter, P., Jaffe, M. G., & Kishore, S. P. (2020). Access to Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension medicines in developing countries: An analysis of essential medicine lists, price, availability, and affordability. Journal of the American Heart Association, 9,. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.015302

Article  Google Scholar 

IMF (2020). Virus outbreak will slow global economic growth this year. Aljazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/ajimpact/imf-virus-outbreak-slow-global-economic-growth-year-200305013321840.html?

International Organization for Migration [IOM] & International Centre for Migration Policy Development [ICMPD] (2015). Survey on migration policies in West Africa. Geneva: International Organization for Migration.

International Centre for Migration Policy Development, ICMPD (2022). ICMPD Migration outlook 2022 West Africa: Five migration issues to look out for in 2022. https://www.icmpd.org/file/download/57218/file/ICMPD_Migration_Outlook_WestAfrica_2022.pdf

International Organization for Migration [IOM]. (2017). Enabling a better understanding of migration flows and its root causes from Nigeria towards Europe. https://dtm.iom.int/reports/enabling-better-understanding-migration-flows-and-its-root-causes-nigeria-towards-europe

Google Scholar 

Invisible Hands (2020). Invisible hands deliver. https://www.invisiblehandsdeliver.com

Inyikem, U. A. (2021). Statistics and demographic data of older persons in Nigeria. In Regional workshop on evidence-based ageing-related policies in sub-Saharan Africa. Abuja: Demographic and Social Statistics Dept. National Bureau of Statistics. https://www.un.org›2021/12›Agnes-UgbePDF

Isbell, T. & Ojewale, O. (2018). One in three Nigerians have considered emigration, most to find economic opportunity. Afrobarometer Dispatch No. 231.