Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin 71(3), 209-249 (2021).

Article  Google Scholar 

Park EJ, Cho MS, Baek SJ et al. Long-term oncologic outcomes of robotic low anterior resection for rectal cancer: a comparative study with laparoscopic surgery. Ann Surg 261(1), 129-137 (2015).

Article  Google Scholar 

Benson AB, Venook AP, Al-Hawary MM et al. Rectal Cancer, Version 2.2018, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 16(7), 874-901 (2018).

Article  Google Scholar 

Bigness A, Imanirad I, Sahin IH et al. Locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma: Treatment sequences, intensification, and rectal organ preservation. CA Cancer J Clin 71(3), 198-208 (2021).

Article  Google Scholar 

Lei X, Yang L, Huang Z et al. No beneficial effect on survival but a decrease in postoperative complications in patients with rectal cancer undergoing robotic surgery: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Surg 21(1), 355 (2021).

Article  Google Scholar 

Murphy CC, Harlan LC, Lund JL, Lynch CF, Geiger AM. Patterns of Colorectal Cancer Care in the United States: 1990–2010. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 107(10), (2015).

Deng X, Liu P, Jiang D et al. Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy Versus Surgery Alone for Stage II/III Mid-low Rectal Cancer With or Without High-risk Factors: A Prospective Multicenter Stratified Randomized Trial. Ann Surg 272(6), 1060-1069 (2020).

Article  Google Scholar 

Van Gijn W, Marijnen CaM, Nagtegaal ID et al. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer: 12-year follow-up of the multicentre, randomised controlled TME trial. Lancet Oncol 12(6), 575-582 (2011).

Article  Google Scholar 

Ma B, Gao P, Wang H et al. What has preoperative radio(chemo)therapy brought to localized rectal cancer patients in terms of perioperative and long-term outcomes over the past decades? A systematic review and meta-analysis based on 41,121 patients. International Journal of Cancer 141(5), 1052-1065 (2017).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Deng Y, Chi P, Lan P et al. Neoadjuvant Modified FOLFOX6 With or Without Radiation Versus Fluorouracil Plus Radiation for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Final Results of the Chinese FOWARC Trial. J Clin Oncol 37(34), 3223-3233 (2019).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Deng Y, Chi P, Lan P et al. Modified FOLFOX6 With or Without Radiation Versus Fluorouracil and Leucovorin With Radiation in Neoadjuvant Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Initial Results of the Chinese FOWARC Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Three-Arm Phase III Trial. J Clin Oncol 34(27), 3300-3307 (2016).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Reynolds IS, O'connell E, Fichtner M et al. Mucinous adenocarcinoma is a pharmacogenomically distinct subtype of colorectal cancer. Pharmacogenomics J 20(3), 524-532 (2020).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Luo C, Cen S, Ding G, Wu W. Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma: clinical pathology and treatment options. Cancer Commun (Lond) 39(1), 13 (2019).

Google Scholar 

Hugen N, Verhoeven RH, Radema SA et al. Prognosis and value of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III mucinous colorectal carcinoma. Ann Oncol 24(11), 2819-2824 (2013).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shin US, Yu CS, Kim JH et al. Mucinous rectal cancer: effectiveness of preoperative chemoradiotherapy and prognosis. Ann Surg Oncol 18(8), 2232-2239 (2011).

Article  Google Scholar 

Sengul N, Wexner SD, Woodhouse S et al. Effects of radiotherapy on different histopathological types of rectal carcinoma. Colorectal Dis 8(4), 283-288 (2006).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Koëter T, Stijns RCH, Van Koeverden S et al. Poor response at restaging MRI and high incomplete resection rates of locally advanced mucinous rectal cancer after chemoradiation therapy. Colorectal Dis 23(9), 2341-2347 (2021).

Article  Google Scholar 

Hugen N, Van De Velde CJH, De Wilt JHW, Nagtegaal ID. Metastatic pattern in colorectal cancer is strongly influenced by histological subtype. Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society For Medical Oncology 25(3), 651-657 (2014).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hugen N, Brown G, Glynne-Jones R, De Wilt JH, Nagtegaal ID. Advances in the care of patients with mucinous colorectal cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 13(6), 361-369 (2016).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bhatia R, Gautam SK, Cannon A et al. Cancer-associated mucins: role in immune modulation and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 38(1-2), 223-236 (2019).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Johansson MEV, Hansson GC. Immunological aspects of intestinal mucus and mucins. Nat Rev Immunol 16(10), 639-649 (2016).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mlecnik B, Tosolini M, Kirilovsky A et al. Histopathologic-based prognostic factors of colorectal cancers are associated with the state of the local immune reaction. J Clin Oncol 29(6), 610-618 (2011).

Article  Google Scholar 

Ogino S, Nosho K, Irahara N et al. Lymphocytic reaction to colorectal cancer is associated with longer survival, independent of lymph node count, microsatellite instability, and CpG island methylator phenotype. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 15(20), 6412-6420 (2009).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tozawa E, Ajioka Y, Watanabe H et al. Mucin expression, p53 overexpression, and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration of advanced colorectal carcinoma with mucus component: is mucinous carcinoma a distinct histological entity? Pathol Res Pract 203(8), 567-574 (2007).

Article  Google Scholar 

Glynne-Jones R, Hall M. Radiotherapy and locally advanced rectal cancer. The British Journal of Surgery 102(12), 1443-1445 (2015).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Glimelius BLG. The role of preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer. Clinical Colorectal Cancer 2(2), 82-92 (2002).

Article  Google Scholar 

Sauer R, Becker H, Hohenberger W et al. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. N Engl J Med 351(17), 1731-1740 (2004).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sauer R, Liersch T, Merkel S et al. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: results of the German CAO/ARO/AIO-94 randomized phase III trial after a median follow-up of 11 years. J Clin Oncol 30(16), 1926-1933 (2012).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Guan X, Jia S, Chen W et al. Long-term Effect of Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer Patients with Mucinous Tumor: A Large Population Based Study. Sci Rep 7 43821 (2017).

Article  Google Scholar 

Yu SKT, Chand M, Tait DM, Brown G. Magnetic resonance imaging defined mucinous rectal carcinoma is an independent imaging biomarker for poor prognosis and poor response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Eur J Cancer 50(5), 920-927 (2014).

Article  Google Scholar 

Viallard C, Larrivée B. Tumor angiogenesis and vascular normalization: alternative therapeutic targets. Angiogenesis 20(4), 409-426 (2017).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Goel S, Duda DG, Xu L et al. Normalization of the vasculature for treatment of cancer and other diseases. Physiol Rev 91(3), 1071-1121 (2011).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wendum D, Boëlle P-Y, Rigau V et al. Mucinous colon carcinomas with microsatellite instability have a lower microvessel density and lower vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Virchows Arch 442(2), 111-117 (2003).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Glasgow SC, Yu J, Carvalho LP, Shannon WD, Fleshman JW, Mcleod HL. Unfavourable expression of pharmacologic markers in mucinous colorectal cancer. British journal of cancer 92(2), 259-264 (2005).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

O'connell E, Reynolds IS, Salvucci M, Mcnamara DA, Burke JP, Prehn JHM. Mucinous and non-mucinous colorectal cancers show differential expression of chemotherapy metabolism and resistance genes. The pharmacogenomics journal 21(4), 510-519 (2021).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yang J, Luo Y, Tian T, Dong P, Fu Z. Effects of Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy on Postoperative Complications in Rectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. J Oncol 2022 8197701 (2022).

Google Scholar 

Peeters KCMJ, Van De Velde CJH, Leer JWH et al. Late side effects of short-course preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: increased bowel dysfunction in irradiated patients--a Dutch colorectal cancer group study. J Clin Oncol 23(25), 6199-6206 (2005).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar