From the *Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, the

†Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ

the ‡Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

the §Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

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Received March 2, 2023; accepted August 22, 2023.

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text, and links to the digital files are provided in the HTML text of this article on the journal’s Web site (www.jpgn.org).

Sources of Funding: Salary support (Dr Agawu) and data acquisition were provided using funds from National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) award number 3T32DK007740-24S1.

Disclaimer: The funding organization had no role in the design of the study; and had no role in the conduct of the study, including the collection, analysis, and preparation of the data or the drafting, editing, review, or approval of the manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIDDK or the NIH.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Atu Agawu, MD, MPH, MSCE, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, HUB for Clinical Collaboration, 6th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (e-mail: [email protected]).