From *University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Minneapolis, MN

the †Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

the ‡Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

the §Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

∥Mirum Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Foster City, CA

the ¶Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

the #Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX

the **Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO

the ††Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.

Received May 11, 2023; accepted September 12, 2023.

Dr Schwarzenberg consults for Mirum, Renexxion, and UpToDate; Dr Schwarz has research and consulting funds from Gilead, research funding from Albireo, consulting for Mirum, Sarepta, and UpToDate, and is on the editorial board of JPGN Reports; Dr Rosenthal has research support from AbbVie, Albireo, Arrowhead, Gilead, Merck, Mirum, Takeda, Travere, and is a consultant for Albireo, Audentes, BioMarin, Dicerna, Encoded, Gilead, MedinCell, Mirum, RNAV8, Takeda, Taysha, and Travere; Dr Murray consults and is on the DSMB of Albireo and Gilead and the Board of Director of Improve Care Now; Dr Mogul is Senior Director for Scientific Affairs and Engagement for Mirum, Inc. Dr Ling has research support from AbbVie. The remaining authors report no conflicts of interest.

Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text, and links to the digital files are provided in the HTML text of this article on the journal’s Web site (www.jpgn.org).

Sources of Funding: The Hepatitis B Research Network (HBRN) was funded by a Cooperative Agreement between the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the following investigators: Kathleen B. Schwarz (U01 DK082916), Steven H. Belle, PhD (DK082864), Harry L. A. Janssen, MD, PhD (DK082874), Mandana Khalili, MD (U01 DK082944), Lewis R. Roberts, MB, ChB, PhD (DK 082843), Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, MD (DK082871), and interagency agreement with NIDDK: Lilia Milkova Ganova-Raeva, PhD (A-DK-3002-001). Additional funding to support this study was provided to Kathleen B. Schwarz, MD (CTSA Grant Number UL1TR000423) and Mandana Khalili, MD (CTSA Grant Number UL1TR000004). Additional support was provided by Gilead Sciences, Inc. and Roche Molecular Systems through Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) with the NIDDK.

Drs Schwarzenberg and King Contributed equally to the article.

Disclaimer: The content and opinions expressed in this article are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Sarah Jane Schwarzenberg, MD, University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, East Building, 6th Floor, 2450 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55454 (e-mail: [email protected]).