de Rooij MM, Heederik DJ, Borlée F, Hoek G, Wouters IM. Spatial and temporal variation in endotoxin and PM10 concentrations in ambient air in a livestock dense area. Environ Res. 2017;153:161–70.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Heederik D, Opstal-van Winden A, Smit L, Wouters I, Hooiveld M, IJzermans C, van der Sman-de Beer F, Spreeuwenberg P, de Bruin A, van Rotterdam B. Mogelijke effecten van intensieve-veehouderij op de gezondheid van omwonenden: onderzoek naar potentiële blootstelling en gezondheidsproblemen (Report in Dutch). NIVEL; 2011. Available online at: https://www.nivel.nl/sites/default/files/bestanden/Rapport-Intensieve-Veehouderij.pdf.

van Dijk CE, Zock J-P, Baliatsas C, Smit LA, Borlée F, Spreeuwenberg P, Heederik D, Yzermans CJ. Health conditions in rural areas with high livestock density: analysis of seven consecutive years. Environ Pollut. 2017;222:374–82.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Radon K, Schulze A, Ehrenstein V, van Strien RT, Praml G, Nowak D. Environmental exposure to confined animal feeding operations and respiratory health of neighboring residents. Epidemiology. 2007;18:300–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Borlée F, Yzermans CJ, Oostwegel FS, Schellevis F, Heederik D, Smit LA. Attitude toward livestock farming does not influence the earlier observed association between proximity to goat farms and self-reported pneumonia. Environ Epidemiol. 2019;3:e041.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schulze A, Römmelt H, Ehrenstein V, van Strien R, Praml G, Küchenhoff H, Nowak D, Radon K. Effects on pulmonary health of neighboring residents of concentrated animal feeding operations: exposure assessed using optimized estimation technique. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2011;66:146–54.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Smit LA, van der Sman-de Beer F, Opstal-van Winden AW, Hooiveld M, Beekhuizen J, Wouters IM, Yzermans J, Heederik D. Q fever and pneumonia in an area with a high livestock density: a large population-based study. PLoS One. 2012;7:e38843.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Borlée F, Yzermans CJ, van Dijk CE, Heederik D, Smit LA. Increased respiratory symptoms in COPD patients living in the vicinity of livestock farms. Eur Respir J. 2015;46:1605–14.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baliatsas C, Borlée F, van Dijk CE, van der Star B, Zock JP, Smit LA, Spreeuwenberg P, Heederik D, Yzermans CJ. Comorbidity and coexisting symptoms and infections presented in general practice by COPD patients: does livestock density in the residential environment play a role? Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2017;220:704–10.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Freidl GS, Spruijt IT, Borlée F, Smit LA, van Gageldonk-Lafeber AB, Heederik DJ, Yzermans J, van Dijk CE, Maassen CB, van der Hoek W. Livestock-associated risk factors for pneumonia in an area of intensive animal farming in the Netherlands. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0174796.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kalkowska DA, Boender GJ, Smit LA, Baliatsas C, Yzermans J, Heederik DJ, Hagenaars TJ. Associations between pneumonia and residential distance to livestock farms over a five-year period in a large population-based study. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0200813.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Poulsen MN, Pollak J, Sills DL, Casey JA, Nachman KE, Cosgrove SE, Stewart D, Schwartz BS. High-density poultry operations and community-acquired pneumonia in Pennsylvania. Environ Epidemiol. 2018;2:e013.

Article  Google Scholar 

Post PM, Hogerwerf L, Huss A, Petie R, Boender GJ, Baliatsas C, Lebret E, Heederik D, Hagenaars TJ, IJzermans CJ, Smit LA. Risk of pneumonia among residents living near goat and poultry farms during 2014–2016. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0223601.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schultz AA, Peppard P, Gangnon RE, Malecki KM. Residential proximity to concentrated animal feeding operations and allergic and respiratory disease. Environ Int. 2019;130:104911.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

IJzermans C, Smit L, Heederik D, Hagenaars T, Baliatsas C, Dückers M, Huss A, Hogerwerf L, Post P, Boender G. Veehouderij en gezondheid omwonenden III: longontsteking in de nabijheid van geiten-en pluimveehouderijen; actualisering van gegevens uit huisartspraktijken 2014–2016 (Report In Dutch). Nivel; 2018. Available online at: https://www.nivel.nl/sites/default/files/bestanden/Veehouderij_gezondheid_omwonenden_III.pdf

Baliatsas C, Dückers M, Smit LA, Heederik D, Yzermans J. Morbidity rates in an area with high livestock density: a registry-based study including different groups of patients with respiratory health problems. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:1591.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

van Dijk CE, Garcia-Aymerich J, Carsin AE, Smit LA, Borlée F, Heederik DJ, Donker GA, Yzermans CJ, Zock JP. Risk of exacerbations in COPD and asthma patients living in the neighbourhood of livestock farms: observational study using longitudinal data. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2016;219:278–87.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maassen K, Smit L, Wouters I, van Duijkeren E, Janse I, Hagenaars T, IJzermans J, van der Hoek W, Heederik D. Veehouderij en gezondheid omwonenden (Report in Dutch). RIVM; 2016. Available online at: https://rivm.openrepository.com/handle/10029/617909.

Smit L, Huss A, Jacobs J, Baliatsas C, Dückers M, Boender GJ, McCarthy C, Hagenaars T, IJzermans J, Heederik D. Veehouderij en Gezondheid Omwonenden III: Longontsteking in de nabijheid van geitenhouderijen in Gelderland, Overijssel en Utrecht (Report in Dutch). Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Universiteit Utrecht; 2019. Available online at: https://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/fulltext/521016.

Klous G, Smit LA, Freidl GS, Borlée F, van der Hoek W, IJzermans CJ, Kretzschmar ME, Heederik DJ, Coutinho RA, Huss A. Pneumonia risk of people living close to goat and poultry farms–taking GPS derived mobility patterns into account. Environ Int. 2018;115:150–60.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

KNMI. : Explanation about winter [In Dutch]. Available at: https://www.knmi.nl/kennis-en-datacentrum/uitleg/winter. 2023. Accessed 30 June 2023.

Hofmans-Okkes I, Lamberts H. The International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC): new applications in research and computer-based patient records in family practice. Fam Pract. 1996;13:294–302.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Rooij MM, Heederik DJ, van Nunen EJ, van Schothorst IJ, Maassen CB, Hoek G, Wouters IM. Spatial variation of endotoxin concentrations measured in ambient PM 10 in a livestock-dense area: implementation of a land-use regression approach. Environ Health Perspect. 2018;126:017003.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nielen MM, Spronk I, Davids R, Korevaar JC, Poos R, Hoeymans N, Opstelten W, van der Sande MA, Biermans MC, Schellevis FG. Estimating morbidity rates based on routine electronic health records in primary care: observational study. JMIR Med Inf. 2019;7:e11929.

Article  Google Scholar 

(CBS). SN: Dairy Goat Herd has Increased Again Stat Neth CBS. Available online at: https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2020/47/dairy-goat-herd-has-increased-again. 2020. Accessed 30 June 2023.

Cheng M-F, Ho S-C, Chiu H-F, Wu T-N, Chen P-S, Yang C-Y. Consequences of exposure to asian dust storm events on daily pneumonia hospital admissions in Taipei, Taiwan. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A. 2008;71:1295–9.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Rivas-Santiago CE, Sarkar S, Cantarella IVP, Osornio-Vargas Á, Quintana-Belmares R, Meng Q, Kirn TJ, Ohman Strickland P, Chow JC, Watson JG. Air pollution particulate matter alters antimycobacterial respiratory epithelium innate immunity. Infect Immun. 2015;83:2507–17.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dijkstra F, van der Hoek W, Wijers N, Schimmer B, Rietveld A, Wijkmans CJ, Vellema P, Schneeberger PM. The 2007–2010 Q fever epidemic in the Netherlands: characteristics of notified acute Q fever patients and the association with dairy goat farming. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2012;64:3–12.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morroy G, Peters JB, van Nieuwenhof M, Bor HH, Hautvast JL, van der Hoek W, Wijkmans CJ, Vercoulen JH. The health status of Q-fever patients after long-term follow-up. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11:1–10.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hussain-Yusuf H, Islam A, Healy B, Lockhart M, Nguyen C, Sukocheva O, Stenos J, Graves S. An analysis of Q fever patients 6 years after an outbreak in Newport, Wales, UK. QJM: an Int J Med. 2012;105:1067–73.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Keijmel SP, Raijmakers RP, Bleeker-Rovers CP, van der Meer JW, Netea MG, Schoffelen T, van Deuren M. Altered interferon-γ response in patients with Q-fever fatigue syndrome. J Infect. 2016;72:478–85.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Smit LA. The air we breathe: understanding the impact of the environment on pneumonia. Pneumonia. 2022;14:2.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Daiber A, Lelieveld J, Steven S, Oelze M, Kröller-Schön S, Sørensen M, Münzel T. The “exposome” concept–how environmental risk factors influence cardiovascular health. Acta Biochim Pol. 2019;66:269–83.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stefanovic N, Flohr C, Irvine AD. The exposome in atopic dermatitis. Allergy. 2020;75:63–74.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vermeulen R, Schymanski EL, Barabási A-L, Miller GW. The exposome and health: where chemistry meets biology. Science. 2020;367:392–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Smit LA, Hooiveld M, van der Sman-de Beer F, Opstal-van Winden AW, Beekhuizen J, Wouters IM, Yzermans CJ, Heederik D. Air pollution from livestock farms, and asthma, allergic rhinitis and COPD among neighbouring residents. Occup Environ Med. 2014;71:134–40.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar