Keesara S, Jonas A, Schulman K. Covid-19 and health care's digital revolution. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(23):e82. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2005835. [PubMed: 32240581].

Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun. 2020;109:102433. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433. [PubMed: 32113704].

ASPEN. Nutrition and hydration:key weapons in the fight against COVID-19 RFN-IC-PA; 2020.

Sanders JM, Monogue ML, Jodlowski TZ, Cutrell JB. Pharmacologic treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review. JAMA. 2020;323(18):1824-36. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.6019. [PubMed: 32282022].

Alwarawrah Y, Kiernan K, MacIver NJ. Changes in nutritional status impact immune cell metabolism and function. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1055. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01055. [PubMed: 29868016].

Wang XY, Zhang LL, Cheng G. Nutrition plays a vital role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Sichuan Da Xue

Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023;54(1):108-13. doi: 10.12182/20230160303. [PubMed: 36647652].

Gombart AF, Pierre A, Maggini S. A Review of micronutrients and the immune system-working in harmony to reduce

the risk of infection. Nutrients. 2020;12(1):236. doi: 10.3390/nu12010236. [PubMed: 31963293].

da Costa BT, Araújo GR, da Silva Júnior RT, Santos LKS, Lima de Souza Gonçalves V, Lima DBA, et al. Effects of nutrients on immunomodulation in patients with severe COVID-19: Current knowledge. World J Crit Care Med. 2022;11(4):201-18. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v11.i4.201. [PubMed: 36051942].

Gerriets VA, MacIver NJ. Role of T cells in malnutrition and obesity. Front Immuno. 2014;5:379. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00379. [PubMed: 25157251].

Katona P, Katona-Apte J. The interaction between nutrition and infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(10):1582-8. doi: 10.1086/587658. [PubMed: 18419494].

Hu Z, Song C, Xu C, Jin G, Chen Y, Xu X, et al. Clinical characteristics of 24 asymptomatic infections with COVID-19 screened among close contacts in Nanjing, China. Sci China Life Sci. 2020;63(5):706-11. doi: 10.1007/s11427-020-1661-4. [PubMed: 32146694].

Briguglio M, Pregliasco FE, Lombardi G, Perazzo P, Banfi G. The Malnutritional status of the host as a virulence factor for new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020;7:146. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00146. [PubMed: 32391367].

Mohammadi P, Varpaei HA. Evaluation of the relationship between nutritional status of COVID-19 Patients admitted to the ICU and patients' prognosis: a cohort study. J Nutr Metab. 2022;2022:5016649. doi: 10.1155/2022/5016649. [PubMed: 35865866].

Almandoz JP, Xie L, Schellinger JN, Mathew MS, Gazda C, Ofori A, et al. Impact of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders on weight-related behaviours among patients with obesity. Clin Obes. 2020;10(5):e12386. doi: 10.1111/cob.12386. [PubMed: 32515555].

Kokoszka-Bargieł I, Cyprys P, Madeja P, Rutkowska K, Wajda-Pokrontka M, Madowicz J, et al. Factors influencing death in COVID-19 patients treated in the ICU: a single-centre, cross-sectional study. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2022;54(2):132-40. doi: 10.5114/ait.2022.116231. [PubMed: 35702812].

Mechanick JI, Carbone S. Clinical nutrition research and the COVID-19 Pandemic: a scoping review of the ASPEN COVID-19 Task force on nutrition research. JPEN J Parenter Enteral

Nutr. 2021;45(1):13-31. doi: 10.1002/jpen.2036. [PubMed: 33094848].

Brugliera L, Spina A, Castellazzi P, Cimino P, Arcuri P, Negro A, et al. Nutritional management of COVID-19 patients in a rehabilitation unit. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020;74(6):860-3. doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-0664-x. [PubMed: 32433599].

Caccialanza R, Laviano A, Lobascio F, Montagna E, Bruno R, Ludovisi S, et al. Early nutritional supplementation in non-critically ill patients hospitalized for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Rationale and feasibility of a shared pragmatic protocol. Nutrition. 2020;74:110835. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110835. [PubMed: 32280058].

Virgens IPA, Santana NM, Lima S, Fayh AP. Can COVID-19 be a risk for cachexia for patients during intensive care? Narrative review and nutritional recommendations. Br J Nutr. 2021;126(4):552-60. doi: 10.1017/S0007114520004420. [PubMed: 33261670].

Graf CE, Pichard C, Herrmann FR, Sieber CC, Zekry D, Genton L. Prevalence of low muscle mass according to body mass

index in older adults. Nutrition. 2017;34:124-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.10.002. [PubMed: 28063507].

Pironi L, Sasdelli AS, Ravaioli F, Baracco B, Battaiola C, Bocedi G, et al. Malnutrition and nutritional therapy in patients with SARS-CoV-2 disease. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(3):1330-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.08.021. [PubMed: 32900518].

Bourke CD, Berkley JA, Prendergast AJ. Immune Dysfunction as a cause and consequence of malnutrition. Trends Immunol. 2016;37(6):386-98. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2016.04.003. [PubMed: 27237815].

Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, et al. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(7):934-43. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994. [PubMed: 32167524].

Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10229):1054-62. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3. [PubMed: 32171076].

Barazzoni R, Bischoff SC, Breda J, Wickramasinghe K, Krznaric Z, Nitzan D, et al. ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance for nutritional management of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(6):1631-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.03.022. [PubMed: 32305181].

Zhang P, He Z, Yu G, Peng D, Feng Y, Ling J, et al. The modified NUTRIC score can be used for nutritional risk assessment as well as prognosis prediction in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(2):534-41. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.051. [PubMed: 32527576].

Thomas S, Alexander C, Cassady BA. Nutrition risk prevalence and nutrition care recommendations for hospitalized and critically-ill patients with COVID-19. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021;44:38-49. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.06.002. [PubMed: 34330494].

Shahbazi S, Hajimohammadebrahim-Ketabforoush M, Vahdat Shariatpanahi M, Shahbazi E, Vahdat Shariatpanahi Z. The validity of the global leadership initiative on malnutrition criteria for diagnosing malnutrition in critically ill patients with COVID-19: A prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021;43:377-82. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.020. [PubMed: 34024543].

Lidoriki I, Schizas D, Frountzas M, Machairas N, Prodromidou A, Kapelouzou A, et al. GNRI as a prognostic factor for outcomes in cancer patients: a systematic review of the literature. Nutr Cancer. 2021;73(3):391-403. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1756350. [PubMed: 32321298].

Arentz M, Yim E, Klaff L, Lokhandwala S, Riedo FX, Chong M, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of 21 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Washington State. JAMA. 2020;323(16): 1612-4. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4326. [PubMed: 32191259].

Martindale R, Patel JJ, Taylor B, Arabi YM, Warren M, McClave SA. Nutrition therapy in critically Ill patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2020;44(7):1174-84. doi: 10.1002/jpen.1930. [PubMed: 32462719].

Stachowska E, Folwarski M, Jamioł-Milc D, Maciejewska D, Skonieczna-Żydecka K. Nutritional support in Coronavirus 2019 Disease. Medicina. 2020;56(6):289. doi: 10.3390/medicina56060289. [PubMed: 32545556].

McClave SA, Omer E. Clinical nutrition for the gastroenterologist: the physiologic rationale for providing early nutritional therapy to the hospitalized patient. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2020;36(2):118-21. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000618. [PubMed: 31990710].

Romano L, Bilotta F, Dauri M, Macheda S, Pujia A, De Santis GL, et al. Short Report - Medical nutrition therapy for critically ill patients with COVID-19. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020;24(7):4035-9. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202004_20874. [PubMed: 32329880].

Ciavarella C, Motta I, Valente S, Pasquinelli G. Pharmacological (or synthetic) and nutritional agonists of PPAR-γ as candidates for cytokine storm modulation in COVID-19 disease. Molecules. 2020;25(9):2076. doi: 10.3390/molecules25092076. [PubMed: 32365556].

Jiang H SM, Hefright B, Chen W, Lu CD, Zeng J. Efficacy of hypocaloric parenteral nutrition for surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr. 2011;30(6):730-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.05.006. [PubMed: 21704437].

Adams KK, Baker WL, Sobieraj DM. Myth Busters: dietary supplements and COVID-19. Ann Pharmacother. 2020; 54(8):820-6. doi: 10.1177/1060028020928052. [PubMed: 32396382].

Handu D, Moloney L, Rozga M, Cheng FW. Malnutrition care during the COVID-19 pandemic: considerations for registered dietitian nutritionists. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2021;121(5):979-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.05.012. [PubMed: 32411575].

Yao Y, Luo Z, Zhang X. In silico evaluation of marine fish proteins as nutritional supplements for COVID-19 patients. Food Funct. 2020;11(6):5565-72. doi: 10.1039/D0FO00530D.

Qasemi A, Lagzian M, Bayat Z. Cancer and COVID-19: A Double Burden on the Healthcare System. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2023; 25(2):e2662. doi: 10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.3.2662.

Rozga M, Cheng FW, Moloney L, Handu D. Effects of micronutrients or conditional amino acids on COVID-19-related outcomes: an evidence analysis center scoping

review. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2021;121(7):1354-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.05.015. [PubMed: 32565398].

Villet S, Chiolero RL, Bollmann MD, Revelly JP, Cayeux MC, Delarue J, et al. Negative impact of hypocaloric feeding and energy balance on clinical outcome in ICU patients. Clin Nutr. 2005;24(4):502-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2005.03.006. [PubMed: 15899538].

Yu PJ, Cassiere H, DeRosa S, Bocchieri K, Yar S, Hartman A. Hypermetabolism and Coronavirus Disease 2019. JPEN

J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2020;44(7):1234-36. doi: 10.1002/jpen.1948. [PubMed: 32559309].

Cholewa JM, Dardevet D, Lima-Soares F, de Araújo Pessôa K, Oliveira PH, dos Santos Pinho JR, et al. Dietary proteins and amino acids in the control of the muscle mass during immobilization and aging: role of the MPS response. Amino Acids. 2017;49(5):811-20. doi: 10.1007/s00726-017-2390-9. [PubMed: 28175999].

McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, Warren MM, Johnson DR, Braunschweig C, et al. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016;40(2):159-211. doi: 10.1177/0148607115621863. [PubMed: 26773077].

Dominika Ś, Arjan N, Karyn RP, Henryk K. The study on the impact of glycated pea proteins on human intestinal bacteria. Int J Food Microbiol. 2011;145(1):267-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.01.002. [PubMed: 21276631].

Kalantar-Zadeh K, Moore LW. Why the nutritional management of acute versus chronic kidney disease should differ. J Ren Nutr. 2019;29(4):265-8. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2019.05.002. [PubMed: 31230723].

Efthimiou J, Mounsey PJ, Benson DN, Madgwick R, Coles SJ, Benson MK. Effect of carbohydrate rich versus fat rich loads on gas exchange and walking performance in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Thorax. 1992;47(6):451-6. doi: 10.1136/thx.47.6.451. [PubMed: 1496505].

Tappy L, Schwarz JM, Schneiter P, Cayeux C, Revelly JP, Fagerquist CK, et al. Effects of isoenergetic glucose-based or lipid-based parenteral nutrition on glucose metabolism, de novo lipogenesis, and respiratory gas exchanges in critically

ill patients. Crit Care Med. 1998;26(5):860-7. doi: 10.1097/00003246-199805000-00018. [PubMed: 9590315].

Hussain A, Bhowmik B, do Vale Moreira NC. COVID-19 and diabetes: Knowledge in progress. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;162:108142. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108142. [PubMed: 32278764].

Bousie E, van Blokland D, Lammers HJ, van Zanten AR. Relevance of non-nutritional calories in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016;70(12):1443-50. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.167. [PubMed: 27623980].

Bousquet J, Anto JM, Iaccarino G, Czarlewski W, Haahtela T, Anto A, et al. Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries? Clin Transl Allergy. 2020;10:16. doi: 10.1186/s13601-020-00323-0. [PubMed: 32499909].

Singh RK, Chang HW, Yan D, Lee KM, Ucmak D, Wong K, et al. Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications

for human health. J Transl Med. 2017;15(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s12967-017-1175-y. [PubMed: 28388917].

Schüler R, Osterhoff MA, Frahnow T, Seltmann AC, Busjahn A, Kabisch S, et al. High‐saturated‐fat diet increases circulating angiotensin‐converting enzyme, which is enhanced by the rs4343 polymorphism defining persons at risk of nutrient‐dependent increases of blood pressure. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(1):e004465. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.004465. [PubMed: 28096099].

Mayer K, Seeger W. Fish oil in critical illness. Curr Opin

Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008;11(2):121-7. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3282f4cdc6. [PubMed: 18301086].

Singer P, Blaser AR, Berger MM, Alhazzani W, Calder PC, Casaer MP, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(1):48-79. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.037. [PubMed: 30348463].

Jakovac H. COVID-19 and vitamin D-Is there a link and an opportunity for intervention? Am J Physiol Endocrinol

Metab. 2020;318(5):E589. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00138.2020. [PubMed: 32297519].

Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Aliano JL, et al. Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):988. doi: 10.3390/nu12040988. [PubMed: 32252338].

Miroliaee AE, Salamzadeh J, Shokouhi S, Sahraei Z. The study of vitamin D administration effect on CRP and Interleukin-6 as prognostic biomarkers of ventilator associated pneumonia. J Crit Care. 2018;44:300-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.08.040. [PubMed: 29248753].

Martineau AR, Jolliffe DA, Hooper RL, Greenberg L, Aloia JF, Bergman P, et al. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. BMJ. 2017;356:i6583. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i6583. [PubMed: 28202713].

Prietl B, Treiber G, Pieber TR, Amrein K. Vitamin D and immune function. Nutrients. 2013;5(7):2502-21. doi: 10.3390/nu5072502. [PubMed: 23857223].

Kara M, Ekiz T, Ricci V, Kara Ö, Chang KV, Özçakar L. 'Scientific Strabismus' or two related pandemics: coronavirus disease and vitamin D deficiency. Br J Nutr. 2020;124(7):736-41. doi: 10.1017/S0007114520001749. [PubMed: 32393401].

Dancer RC, Parekh D, Lax S, D'Souza V, Zheng S, Bassford CR, et al. Vitamin D deficiency contributes directly to the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Thorax. 2015; 70(7):617-24. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206680. [PubMed: 25903964].

Lau FH, Majumder R, Torabi R, Saeg F, Hoffman R, Cirillo JD, et al. Vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent in severe COVID-19. medRxiv. 2020.doi: 10.1101/2020.04.24.20075838.

Wang Y, Lin H, Lin BW, Lin JD. Effects of different ascorbic acid doses on the mortality of critically ill patients: a meta-analysis. Ann Intensive Care. 2019;9(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s13613-019-0532-9. [PubMed: 31111241].

Carr AC. A new clinical trial to test high-dose vitamin C in patients with COVID-19. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):133. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-02851-4. [PubMed: 32264963].

Haji MM, Mojtahedzadeh M, Ghafar NN, Sadraei S, Sadeghi N, Najafi A, et al. Effects of vitamin E administration on APACHE II Score in ARDS patients. DARU. 2009;17(1):24-8.

Lee GY, Han SN. The role of Vitamin E in immunity. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1614. doi: 10.3390/nu10111614. [PubMed: 30388871].

Huang Z, Liu Y, Qi G, Brand D, Zheng SG. Role of Vitamin A in the immune system. J Clin Med. 2018;7(9):258. doi: 10.3390/jcm7090258. [PubMed: 30200565].

Manzanares W, Hardy G. Thiamine supplementation in the critically ill. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2011;14(6):610-7. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32834b8911. [PubMed: 21912244].

Patrick L. Nutrients and HIV: part two--vitamins A and E, zinc, B-vitamins, and magnesium. Altern Med Rev. 2000;5(1):39-51. [PubMed: 10696118].

Hasanzadeh Kiabi F, Alipour A, Darvishi-Khezri H, Aliasgharian A, Emami Zeydi A. Zinc supplementation in adult mechanically ventilated trauma patients is associated with decreased occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a secondary analysis of a prospective, observational study. Indian J Crit. Care Med. 2017;21(1):34-9. doi: 10.4103/0972-5229.198324

Hulisz D. Efficacy of Zinc against common cold viruses: an overview. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2004;44(5):594-603. doi: 10.1331/1544-3191.44.5.594.hulisz. [PubMed: 15496046].

Caruso TJ, Prober CG, Gwaltney Jr JM. Treatment of naturally acquired common colds with zinc: a structured review.

Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(5):569-74. doi: 10.1086/520031. [PubMed: 17682990].

Skalny AV, Rink L, Ajsuvakova OP, Aschner M, Gritsenko VA, Alekseenko SI, et al. Zinc and respiratory tract infections: Perspectives for COVID‑19 (Review). Int J Mol Med. 2020;46(1):17-26. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4575. [PubMed: 32319538].

Barnett JB, Dao MC, Hamer DH, Kandel R, Brandeis G, Wu D, et al. Effect of zinc supplementation on serum zinc concentration and T cell proliferation in nursing home elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103(3):942-51. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.115188. [PubMed: 26817502].

Rolles B, Maywald M, Rink L. Influence of zinc deficiency and supplementation on NK cell cytotoxicity. J Funct Food. 2018;48:322-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.027.

Zhang L, Liu Y. Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review. J Med Virol. 2020;92(5):479-90. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25707. [PubMed: 32052466]

Guillin OM, Vindry C, Ohlmann T, Chavatte L. Selenium, Selenoproteins and Viral Infection. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):479-90. doi: 10.3390/nu11092101. [PubMed: 31487871].

Becker RC. COVID-19 update: Covid-19-associated coagulopathy. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020;50(1):54-67. doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02134-3. [PubMed: 32415579].

Chen L, Hu C, Hood M, Zhang X, Zhang L, Kan J, et al. A Novel combination of vitamin C, Curcumin and Glycyrrhizic Acid potentially regulates immune and inflammatory response associated with coronavirus infections: a perspective from system biology analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1193. doi: 10.3390/nu12041193. [PubMed: 32344708].

Yang N, Zhang H, Cai X, Shang Y. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits inflammation and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition through the PI3K/AKT pathway via upregulation of PTEN in asthma. Int J Mol Med. 2018;41(2):818-28. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3292. [PubMed: 29207033].

Rosenthal MD, Carrott PW, Patel J, Kiraly L, Martindale RG. Parenteral or enteral arginine supplementation safety

and efficacy. J Nutr. 2016;146(12):2594-600. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.228544. [PubMed: 27934650].

Ling LJ, Lu Y, Zhang YY, Zhu HY, Tu P, Li H, et al. Flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata attenuate H1N1-induced acute lung injury in mice via inhibition of influenza virus and Toll-like receptor signalling. Phytomedicine. 2020;67:153150. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153150. [PubMed: 31958713].

Morais AHA, Passos TS, Maciel BLL, da Silva-Maia JK. Can probiotics and diet promote beneficial immune modulation and purine control in Coronavirus infection? Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1737. doi: 10.3390/nu12061737. [PubMed: 32532069].

Iwaniak A, Minkiewicz P, Darewicz M. Food‐originating ACE inhibitors, including antihypertensive peptides, as preventive food components in blood pressure reduction. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2014;13(2):114-34. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12051. [PubMed: 33412648].

Ferrey AJ, Choi G, Hanna RM, Chang Y, Tantisattamo E, Ivaturi K, et al. A case of novel coronavirus disease 19 in a chronic hemodialysis patient presenting with gastroenteritis and developing severe pulmonary disease. Am J Nephrol. 2020;51(5):337-42. doi: 10.1159/000507417. [PubMed: 32222713].

Gharehbeglou P, Jafari SM. Antioxidant components of brassica vegetables including turnip and the influence of processing and storage on their anti-oxidative properties. Curr Med Chem. 2019;

(24):4559-72. doi: 10.2174/0929867325666181115111040. [PubMed: 30430937].

Lin SC, Ho CT, Chuo WH, Li S, Wang TT, Lin CC. Effective inhibition of MERS-CoV infection by resveratrol. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):1-10. doi: 10.1186/s12879-017-2253-8. [PubMed: 28193191].

Yang F, Zhang Y, Tariq A, Jiang X, Ahmed Z, Zhihao Z, et al. Food as medicine: A possible preventive measure against coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Phytother Res. 2020;34(12):3124-36. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6770. [PubMed: 32468635].

Donma MM, Donma O. The effects of allium sativum on immunity within the scope of COVID-19 infection. Med Hypotheses. 2020;144:109934. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109934. [PubMed: 32512493].

Wu D, Yang XO. TH17 responses in cytokine storm of COVID-19: An emerging target of JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib. J

Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020;53(3):368-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.005. [PubMed: 32205092].

Dhar D, Mohanty A. Gut microbiota and Covid-19- possible link and implications. Virus Res. 2020;285:198018. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198018. [PubMed: 32430279].

Nagpal R, Mainali R, Ahmadi S, Wang S, Singh R, Kavanagh K, et al. Gut microbiome and aging: Physiological and mechanistic insights. Nutr Healthy Aging. 2018;4(4):267-85. doi: 10.3233/NHA-170030. [PubMed: 29951588].

Gill HS, Rutherfurd KJ, Cross ML, Gopal PK. Enhancement of immunity in the elderly by dietary supplementation with the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis HN019. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74(6):833-9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/74.6.833. [PubMed: 11722966].

McFarland LV. Meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of traveler's diarrhea. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2007;5(2):97-105. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2005.10.003. [PubMed: 17298915].

Hanidziar D, Bittner E. Sedation of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients: challenges and special considerations. Anesth

Analg. 2020;131(1):40-1. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004887. [PubMed: 32392023].

Arkin N, Krishnan K, Chang MG, Bittner EA. Nutrition in critically ill patients with COVID-19: Challenges and special considerations. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(7):2327-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.007. [PubMed: 32425291].