Sung H. Ferlay J. Siegel R.L. et al.

Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries.

CA A Cancer J Clin. 71: 209-249Wang X. Espin-Garcia O. Jiang D.M. et al.

Impact of sites of metastatic dissemination on survival in advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Oncology. 100: 439-448Shapiro J. van Lanschot JJB Hulshof M.C.C.M. et al.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery versus surgery alone for oesophageal or junctional cancer (CROSS): long-term results of a randomised controlled trial.

Lancet Oncol. 16: 1090-1098Al-Batran S.-E. Homann N. Pauligk C. et al.

Perioperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel versus fluorouracil or capecitabine plus cisplatin and epirubicin for locally advanced, resectable gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (FLOT4): a ra.

Lancet. 393: 1948-1957Sun J.M. Shen L. Shah M.A. et al.

Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for first-line treatment of advanced oesophageal cancer (KEYNOTE-590): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study.

Lancet. 398: 759-771de Geus-Oei L.F. Slingerland M.

PET-guided treatment algorithms in oesophageal cancer: the promise of the near future.

J Thorac Dis. 9: 2736-2739

The epidemic of oesophageal carcinoma: where are we now?.

Cancer Epidemiol. 41: 88-95Morgan E. Soerjomataram I. Rumgay H. et al.

the global landscape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence and mortality in 2020 and projections to 2040: new estimates from GLOBOCAN 2020.

Gastroenterology. 163: 649-658.e2Alexandrou A. Davis P.A. Law S. et al.

Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lower third of the esophagus and gastric cardia: similarities and differences.

Dis Esophagus. 15: 290-295

Esophageal carcinoma.

N Engl J Med. 372: 1472-1473Kim J. Bowlby R. Mungall A.J. et al.

Integrated genomic characterization of oesophageal carcinoma.

Nature. 541: 169-174Davern M. Donlon N.E. Power R. et al.

The tumour immune microenvironment in oesophageal cancer.

Br J Cancer. 125: 479-494Eyck B.M. van Lanschot JJB Hulshof M.C.C.M. et al.

Ten-year outcome of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery for esophageal cancer: The Randomized Controlled CROSS Trial.

J Clin Oncol. 39: 1995-2004Tepper J. Krasna M.J. Niedzwiecki D. et al.

Phase III trial of trimodality therapy with cisplatin, fluorouracil, radiotherapy, and surgery compared with surgery alone for esophageal cancer: CALGB 9781.

J Clin Oncol. 26: 1086-1092Iqbal S. McDonough S. Lenz H.J. et al.

Randomized, phase ii study prospectively evaluating treatment of metastatic esophageal, gastric, or gastroesophageal cancer by gene expression of ERCC1: SWOG S1201.

J Clin Oncol. 38: 472-479Yang H. Liu H. Chen Y. et al.

Long-term efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery for the treatment of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: The NEOCRTEC5010 Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA Surg. 156: 721-729Reynolds J.V. Preston S.R. O’Neill B. et al.

Neo-AEGIS (Neoadjuvant trial in Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus and Esophago-Gastric Junction International Study): preliminary results of phase III RCT of CROSS versus perioperative chemotherapy (Modified MAGIC or FLOT protocol). (NCT01726452).

J Clin Oncol. 39: 4004Hoeppner J. Lordick F. Brunner T. et al.

ESOPEC: prospective randomized controlled multicenter phase III trial comparing perioperative chemotherapy (FLOT protocol) to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CROSS protocol) in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (NCT02509286).

BMC Cancer. 16: 503Stahl M. Stuschke M. Lehmann N. et al.

Chemoradiation with and without surgery in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

J Clin Oncol. 23: 2310-2317Bedenne L. Michel P. Bouché O. et al.

Chemoradiation followed by surgery compared with chemoradiation alone in squamous cancer of the esophagus: FFCD 9102.

J Clin Oncol. 25: 1160-1168Kelly R.J. Ajani J.A. Kuzdzal J. et al.

Adjuvant nivolumab in resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer.

N Engl J Med. 384: 1191-1203Janjigian Y.Y. Shitara K. Moehler M. et al.

First-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced gastric, gastro-oesophageal junction, and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (CheckMate 649): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Lancet (London, England). 398: 27-40Shah M.A. Hofstetter W.L. Kennedy E.B. et al.

Immunotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal carcinoma: ASCO treatment of locally advanced esophageal carcinoma guideline rapid recommendation update.

J Clin Oncol. 39: 3182-3184Eggermont A.M.M. Blank C.U. Mandala M. et al.

Adjuvant pembrolizumab versus placebo in resected stage III melanoma.

N Engl J Med. 378: 1789-1801Felip E. Altorki N. Zhou C. et al.

Adjuvant atezolizumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in resected stage IB-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (IMpower010): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Lancet. 398: 1344-1357Bajorin D.F. Witjes J.A. Gschwend J.E. et al.

Adjuvant nivolumab versus placebo in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma.

N Engl J Med. 384: 2102-2114Liu J. Blake S.J. Yong M.C. et al.

Improved efficacy of neoadjuvant compared to adjuvant immunotherapy to eradicate metastatic disease.

Cancer Discov. 6: 1382-1399

Molecular and biochemical aspects of the PD-1 checkpoint pathway.

N Engl J Med. 375 (): 1767-1778Sato H. Niimi A. Yasuhara T. et al.

DNA double-strand break repair pathway regulates PD-L1 expression in cancer cells.

Nat Commun. 8: 1751Li C. Zhao S. Zheng Y. et al.

Preoperative pembrolizumab combined with chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (PALACE-1).

Eur J Cancer. 144: 232-241Duan H. Shao C. Pan M. et al.

Neoadjuvant pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in resectable esophageal cancer: an Open-Label, Single-Arm Study (PEN-ICE).

Front Immunol. 13 ()Shah M.A. Bennouna J. Doi T. et al.

KEYNOTE-975 study design: a Phase III study of definitive chemoradiotherapy plus pembrolizumab in patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Future Oncol. 17: 1143-1153Goodman K.A. Xu R. Chau I. et al.

SKYSCRAPER-07: A phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of atezolizumab with or without tiragolumab in patients with unresectable ESCC who have not progressed following definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

J Clin Oncol. 40: TPS374

TIGIT in cancer immunotherapy.

J Immunother Cancer. 8 ()Cho B.C. Abreu D.R. Hussein M. et al.

Tiragolumab plus atezolizumab versus placebo plus atezolizumab as a first-line treatment for PD-L1-selected non-small-cell lung cancer (CITYSCAPE): primary and follow-up analyses of a randomised, double-blind, phase 2 study.

Lancet Oncol. 23: 781-792Al-Batran S.-E. Lorenzen S. Thuss-Patience P.C. et al.

Surgical and pathological outcome, and pathological regression, in patients receiving perioperative atezolizumab in combination with FLOT chemotherapy versus FLOT alone for resectable esophagogastric adenocarcinoma: Interim results from DANTE, a randomize.

J Clin Oncol. 40: 4003Janjigian Y.Y. Van Cutsem E. Muro K. et al.

MATTERHORN: efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant-adjuvant durvalumab and FLOT chemotherapy in resectable gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer—a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study.

J Clin Oncol. 39: TPS4151Eads J.R. Weitz M. Gibson M.K. et al.

A phase II/III study of perioperative nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients (pts) with locoregional esophageal (E) and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma: A trial of the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (EA2174).

J Clin Oncol. 38: TPS4651Terashima M. Kim Y.-W. Yeh T.-S. et al.

ATTRACTION-05 (ONO-4538-38/BMS CA209844): a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo- controlled Phase 3 study of Nivolumab (Nivo) in combination with adjuvant chemotherapy in pStage III gastric and esophagogastric junction (G/EGJ) cancer.

Ann Oncol. 28: v266-v267Bonneville R. Krook M.A. Kautto E.A. et al.

Landscape of microsatellite instability across 39 cancer types.

JCO Precis Oncol. 2017https://doi.org/10.1200/PO.17.00073Vrána D. Matzenauer M. Neoral Č. et al.

From tumor immunology to immunotherapy in gastric and esophageal cancer.

Int J Mol Sci. 20: 13Pietrantonio F. Miceli R. Raimondi A. et al.

Individual patient data meta-analysis of the value of microsatellite instability as a biomarker in gastric cancer.

J Clin Oncol. 37: 3392-3400André T. Tougeron D. Piessen G. et al.

Neoadjuvant nivolumab plus ipilimumab and adjuvant nivolumab in localized deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability-high gastric or esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma: The GERCOR NEONIPIGA Phase II Study.

J Clin Oncol. 41: 255-265Chatterton B.E. Ho Shon I. Baldey A. et al.

Positron emission tomography changes management and prognostic stratification in patients with oesophageal cancer: results of a multicentre prospective study.

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 36: 354-361You J.J. Wong R.K.S. Darling G. et al.

Clinical utility of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the staging of patients with potentially resectable esophageal cancer.

J Thorac Oncol. 8: 1563-1569Manabe O. Hattori N. Itoh K. et al.

Value and limitation of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the staging of thoracic esophageal cancer.

J Nucl Med. 52: 1842Jiang C. Chen Y. Zhu Y. et al.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detection of regional lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

J Thorac Dis. 10: 6066-6076Cremonesi M. Garibaldi C. Timmerman R. et al.

Interim 18 F-FDG-PET/CT during chemo-radiotherapy in the management of oesophageal cancer patients. A systematic review.

Radiother Oncol. 125: 200-212Weber W.A. Ott K. Becker K. et al.

Prediction of response to preoperative chemotherapy in adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction by metabolic imaging.

J Clin Oncol. 19: 3058-3065Ott K. Weber W.A. Lordick F. et al.

Metabolic imaging predicts response, survival, and recurrence in adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction.

J Clin Oncol. 24: 4692-4698Lordick F. Ott K. Krause B.-J. et al.

PET to assess early metabolic response and to guide treatment of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction: the MUNICON phase II trial.

Lancet Oncol. 8: 797-805Meyer zum Büschenfelde C. Herrmann K. Schuster T. et al.

18 F-FDG PET–guided salvage neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction: The MUNICON II Trial.

J Nucl Med. 52: 1189-1196Barbour A.P. Walpole E.T. Mai G.T. et al.

Preoperative cisplatin, fluorouracil, and docetaxel with or without radiotherapy after poor early response to cisplatin and fluorouracil for resectable oesophageal adenocarcinoma (AGITG DOCTOR): results from a multicentre, randomised controlled phase II t.

Ann Oncol. 31: 236-245

Metabolic response assessment and PET-guided treatment of esophageal cancer.

Ann Oncol. 31: 163-164Goodman K.A. Ou F.-S. Hall N.C. et al.

Randomized Phase II Study of PET response–adapted combined modality therapy for esophageal cancer: mature results of the CALGB 80803 (Alliance) trial.

J Clin Oncol. 39: 2803-2815van Rossum P.S.N. Fried D.V. Zhang L. et al.

The value of 18F-FDG PET before and after induction chemotherapy for the early prediction of a poor pathologic response to subsequent preoperative chemoradiotherapy in oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 44: 71-80Elimova E. Wang X. Etchebehere E. et al.

18-fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission computed tomography as predictive of response after chemoradiation in oesophageal cancer patients.

Eur J Cancer. 51: 2545-2552Simoni N. Rossi G. Benetti G. et al.

18F-FDG PET/CT metrics are correlated to the pathological response in esophageal cancer patients treated with induction chemotherapy followed by neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy.

Front Oncol. 10: 1-11