Renal cancer.

Lancet. 387: 894-906Turner 2nd, R.M. Morgan T.M. Jacobs B.L.

Epidemiology of the small renal mass and the treatment disconnect phenomenon.

Urol Clin North Am. 44: 147-154Yang G. Villalta J.D. Meng M.V. et al.

Evolving practice patterns for the management of small renal masses in the USA.

BJU Int. 110: 1156-1161Patel A.K. Lane B.R. Chintalapati P. et al.

Utilization of renal mass biopsy for T1 renal lesions across Michigan: results from MUSIC-KIDNEY, a statewide quality improvement collaborative.

Eur Urol Open Sci. 30: 37-43Johnson D.C. Vukina J. Smith A.B. et al.

Preoperatively misclassified, surgically removed benign renal masses: a systematic review of surgical series and United States population level burden estimate.

J Urol. 193: 30-35Kutikov A. Fossett L.K. Ramchandani P. et al.

Incidence of benign pathologic findings at partial nephrectomy for solitary renal mass presumed to be renal cell carcinoma on preoperative imaging.

Urology. 68: 737-740Lee S.H. Park S.U. Rha K.H. et al.

Trends in the incidence of benign pathological lesions at partial nephrectomy for presumed renal cell carcinoma in renal masses on preoperative computed tomography imaging: a single institute experience with 290 consecutive patients.

Int J Urol. 17: 512-516Duchene D.A. Lotan Y. Cadeddu J.A. et al.

Histopathology of surgically managed renal tumors: analysis of a contemporary series.

Urology. 62: 827-830Frank I. Blute M.L. Cheville J.C. et al.

Solid renal tumors: an analysis of pathological features related to tumor size.

J Urol. 170: 2217-2220Bhindi B. Thompson R.H. Lohse C.M. et al.

The Probability of Aggressive Versus Indolent Histology Based on Renal Tumor Size: Implications for Surveillance and Treatment.

Eur Urol. 74: 489-497Rothman J. Egleston B. Wong Y.N. et al.

Histopathological characteristics of localized renal cell carcinoma correlate with tumor size: a SEER analysis.

J Urol. 181: 29-33Palumbo C. Pecoraro A. Knipper S. et al.

Contemporary Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates of Renal Cell Carcinoma: Analysis According to Gender, Race, Stage, Grade, and Histology.

Eur Urol Focus. 7: 644-652Campbell S.C. Clark P.E. Chang S.S. et al.

Renal Mass and Localized Renal Cancer: Evaluation, Management, and Follow-Up: AUA Guideline: Part I.

J Urol. 206: 199-208Nguyen M.M. Gill I.S. Ellison L.M.

The evolving presentation of renal carcinoma in the United States: trends from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program.

J Urol. 176 (): 2397-2400Ljungberg B. Albiges L. Abu-Ghanem Y. et al.

European Association of Urology Guidelines on Renal Cell Carcinoma: The 2022 Update.

Eur Urol. 82: 399-410Richard P.O. Violette P.D. Bhindi B. et al.

Canadian Urological Association guideline: Management of small renal masses -.

Full-text. Can Urol Assoc J. 16: E61-E75Kunkle D.A. Egleston B.L. Uzzo R.G.

Excise, ablate or observe: the small renal mass dilemma--a meta-analysis and review.

J Urol. 179 (): 1227-1233Volpe A. Cadeddu J.A. Cestari A. et al.

Contemporary management of small renal masses.

Eur Urol. 60: 501-515

Aspiration biopsy of the kidney.

Am J Med. 11: 324-330Dechet C.B. Zincke H. Sebo T.J. et al.

Prospective analysis of computerized tomography and needle biopsy with permanent sectioning to determine the nature of solid renal masses in adults.

J Urol. 169: 71-74

The current role of percutaneous biopsy in the evaluation of renal masses.

Semin Urol Oncol. 13: 254-261Silverman S.G. Gan Y.U. Mortele K.J. et al.

Renal masses in the adult patient: the role of percutaneous biopsy.

Radiology. 240: 6-22Mickisch G. Carballido J. Hellsten S. et al.

Guidelines on renal cell cancer.

Eur Urol. 40: 252-255Khan A.A. Shergill I.S. Quereshi S. et al.

Percutaneous needle biopsy for indeterminate renal masses: a national survey of UK consultant urologists.

BMC Urol. 7Barwari K. de la Rosette J.J. Laguna M.P.

The penetration of renal mass biopsy in daily practice: a survey among urologists.

J Endourol. 26: 737-747Patel R.M. Safiullah S. Okhunov Z. et al.

Pretreatment Diagnosis of the Small Renal Mass: Status of Renal Biopsy in the United States of America.

J Endourol. 32: 884-890Mensel B. Kühn J.P. Kracht F. et al.

Prevalence of renal cysts and association with risk factors in a general population: an MRI-based study.

Abdom Radiol (NY). 43: 3068-3074

The current radiological approach to renal cysts.

Radiology. 158: 1-10O’Malley R.L. Godoy G. Hecht E.M. et al.

Bosniak Category IIF Designation and Surgery for Complex Renal Cysts.

Journal of Urology. 182: 1091-1095Gabr A.H. Gdor Y. Roberts W.W. et al.

Radiographic surveillance of minimally and moderately complex renal cysts.

BJU International. 103: 1116-1119Silverman S.G. Pedrosa I. Ellis J.H. et al.

Bosniak Classification of Cystic Renal Masses, Version 2019: An Update Proposal and Needs Assessment.

Radiology. 292: 475-488Moch H. Cubilla A.L. Humphrey P.A. et al.

The 2016 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs—Part A: Renal, Penile, and Testicular Tumours.

European Urology. 70: 93-105Lee-Felker S.A. Felker E.R. Tan N. et al.

Qualitative and Quantitative MDCT Features for Differentiating Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma From Other Solid Renal Cortical Masses.

American Journal of Roentgenology. 203: W516-W524Young J.R. Coy H. Kim H.J. et al.

Performance of Relative Enhancement on Multiphasic MRI for the Differentiation of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) From Papillary and Chromophobe RCC Subtypes and Oncocytoma.

AJR Am J Roentgenol. 208: 812-819Hindman N. Ngo L. Genega E.M. et al.

Angiomyolipoma with minimal fat: can it be differentiated from clear cell renal cell carcinoma by using standard MR techniques?.

Radiology. 265: 468-477Oliva M.R. Glickman J.N. Zou K.H. et al.

Renal Cell Carcinoma: T1 and T2 Signal Intensity Characteristics of Papillary and Clear Cell Types Correlated with Pathology.

American Journal of Roentgenology. 192: 1524-1530King K.G. Gulati M. Malhi H. et al.

Quantitative assessment of solid renal masses by contrast-enhanced ultrasound with time-intensity curves: how we do it.

Abdom Imaging. 40: 2461-2471Pierorazio P.M. Johnson M.H. Ball M.W. et al.

Five-year analysis of a multi-institutional prospective clinical trial of delayed intervention and surveillance for small renal masses: the DISSRM registry.

Eur Urol. 68: 408-415Pierorazio P.M. Johnson M.H. Patel H.D. et al.

Management of Renal Masses and Localized Renal Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

J Urol. 196: 989-999

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Kidney Cancer (Version 1.2021). https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/kidney.pdf. Accessed July 01, 2021.

Finelli A. Ismaila N. Bro B. et al.

Management of Small Renal Masses: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline.

J Clin Oncol. 35: 668-680Motzer R.J. Tannir N.M. McDermott D.F. et al.

Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab versus Sunitinib in Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma.

N Engl J Med. 378: 1277-1290Rini B.I. Plimack E.R. Stus V. et al.

Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib versus Sunitinib for Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma.

N Engl J Med. 380: 1116-1127Campbell S.C. Novick A.C. Herts B. et al.

Prospective evaluation of fine needle aspiration of small, solid renal masses: accuracy and morbidity.

Urology. 50: 25-29Patel H.D. Johnson M.H. Pierorazio P.M. et al.

Diagnostic Accuracy and Risks of Biopsy in the Diagnosis of a Renal Mass Suspicious for Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Systematic Review of the Literature. J Urol. 195: 1340-1347Leveridge M.J. Finelli A. Kachura J.R. et al.

Outcomes of small renal mass needle core biopsy, nondiagnostic percutaneous biopsy, and the role of repeat biopsy.

Eur Urol. 60: 578-854Okhunov Z. Gorin M.A. Jefferson F.A. et al.

Can preoperative renal mass biopsy change clinical practice and reduce surgical intervention for small renal masses?.

Urol Oncol. 39: 735Marconi L. Dabestani S. Lam T.B. et al.

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy of Percutaneous Renal Tumour Biopsy.

Eur Urol. 69: 660-673Schmidbauer J. Remzi M. Memarsadeghi M. et al.

Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography-guided percutaneous biopsy of renal masses.

Eur Urol. 53: 1003-1011Kapur P. Setoodeh S. Araj E. et al.

Improving Renal Tumor Biopsy Prognostication With BAP1 Analyses.

Arch Pathol Lab Med. 146: 154-165Aminsharifi A. Polascik T.J.

Renal mass biopsy: future trends and developments.

in: Leveillee R.J. Jorda M. Renal mass biopsy: indications, risks, technical aspects and future trends. Springer International Publishing, Cham: 195-207Jiang P. Arada R.B. Okhunov Z. et al.

Multidisciplinary Approach and Outcomes of Pretreatment Small (cT1a) Renal Mass Biopsy: Single-Center Experience.

J Endourol. 36: 703-711Dutta R. Okhunov Z. Vernez S.L. et al.

Cost Comparisons Between Different Techniques of Percutaneous Renal Biopsy for Small Renal Masses.

J Endourol. 30: S28-S33Menhadji A.D. Nguyen V. Okhunov Z. et al.

Technique for office-based, ultrasonography-guided percutaneous biopsy of renal cortical neoplasms using a novel transducer for facilitated ultrasound targeting.

BJU Int. 117: 948-953Patel H.D. Druskin S.C. Rowe S.P. et al.

Surgical histopathology for suspected oncocytoma on renal mass biopsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BJU Int. 119: 661-666Volpe A. Mattar K. Finelli A. et al.

Contemporary results of percutaneous biopsy of 100 small renal masses: a single center experience.

J Urol. 180: 2333-2337

Renal biopsy practice: what is the gold standard?.

World J Nephrol. 3: 287-294Sainani N.I. Tatli S. Anthony S.G. et al.

Successful percutaneous radiologic management of renal cell carcinoma tumor seeding caused by percutaneous biopsy performed before ablation.

J Vasc Interv Radiol. 24: 1404-1408

Tumor Seeding With Renal Cell Carcinoma After Renal Biopsy.

Urol Case Rep. 9Breau R.H. Crispen P.L. Jenkins S.M. et al.

Treatment of patients with small renal masses: a survey of the American Urological Association.

J Urol. 185: 407-413Kutikov A. Egleston B.L. Canter D. et al.

Competing risks of death in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma: a comorbidity based model.

J Urol. 188: 2077-2083Patel H.D. Pierorazio P.M. Johnson M.H. et al.

Renal Functional Outcomes after Surgery, Ablation, and Active Surveillance of Localized Renal Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 12: 1057-1069Lane B.R. Abouassaly R. Gao T. et al.

Active treatment of localized renal tumors may not impact overall survival in patients aged 75 years or older.

Cancer. 116: 3119-3126Danzig M.R. Ghandour R.A. Chang P. et al.

Active Surveillance is Superior to Radical Nephrectomy and Equivalent to Partial Nephrectomy for Preserving Renal Function in Patients with Small Renal Masses: Results from the DISSRM Registry.

J Urol. 194: 903-909Dave C.N. Seifman B. Chennamsetty A. et al.

Office-based Ultrasound-guided Renal Core Biopsy Is Safe and Efficacious in the Management of Small Renal Masses.

Urology. 102: 26-30

Pierorazio PM, Johnson MH, Patel HD, et al. Management of Renal Masses and Localized Renal Cancer, 2016, Rockville (MD):Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2016 Feb. Report No.: 16-EHC001-EF.

Lay A.H. Faddegon S. Olweny E.O. et al.

Oncologic Efficacy of Radio Frequency Ablation for Small Renal Masses: Clear Cell vs Papillary Subtype.

J Urol. 194: 653-657Liu Y. Du Z. Zhang J. et al.

Renal mass biopsy using Raman spectroscopy identifies malignant and benign renal tumors: potential for pre-operative diagnosis.

Oncotarget. 8: 36012-36019Wagstaff P.G.K. Ingels A. de Bruin D.M. et al.

Percutaneous Needle Based Optical Coherence Tomography for the Differentiation of Renal Masses: a Pilot Cohort.

J Urol. 195: 1578-1585Su L.M. Kuo J. Allan R.W. et al.

Fiber-Optic Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of Small Renal Masses: Toward Real-Time Optical Diagnostic Biopsy.

J Urol. 195: 486-492Bruyere F. Ayoub J. Arbeille P.

Use of a telerobotic arm to perform ultrasound guidance during renal biopsy in transplant recipients: a preliminary study.

J Endourol. 25: 231-234Farber N.J. Kim C.J. Modi P.K. et al.

Renal cell carcinoma: the search for a reliable biomarker.

Transl Cancer Res. 6: 620-632Lakshminarayanan H. Rutishauser D. Schraml P. et al.

Liquid Biopsies in Renal Cell Carcinoma-Recent Advances and Promising New Technologies for the Early Detection of Metastatic Disease.

Front Oncol. 10Papworth K. Sandlund J. Grankvist K. et al.

Soluble carbonic anhydrase IX is not an independent prognostic factor in human renal cell carcinoma.

Anticancer Res. 30: 2953-2957Chopra S. Liu J. Alemozaffar M. et al.

Improving needle biopsy accuracy in small renal mass using tumor-specific DNA methylation markers.

Oncotarget. 8: 5439-5448