Aboderin, I. (2004). Decline in material family support for older people in urban Ghana, Africa: Understanding processes and causes of change. Journals of Gerontology – Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 59(3), S128–S137. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/59.3.S128.

Abubakari, A. R., Lauder, W., Agyemang, C., Jones, M., Kirk, A., & Bhopal, R. S. (2008). Prevalence and time trends in obesity among adult west African populations: A meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews, 9(4), 297–311. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2007.00462.x.

Article  Google Scholar 

Agyei-Mensah, S., & de Aikins, G. A. (2010). Epidemiological transition and the double burden of disease in Accra, Ghana. Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 87(5), 879–897. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-010-9492-y.

Article  Google Scholar 

Agyemang, C., Bruijnzeels, M. A., & Owusu-Dabo, E. (2006). Factors associated with hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in Ghana, West Africa. Journal of Human Hypertension, 20(1), 67–71. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001923.

Article  Google Scholar 

Agyemang, C. (2006). Rural and urban differences in blood pressure and hypertension in Ghana, West Africa. Public Health, 120(6), 525–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2006.02.002.

Article  Google Scholar 

de Aikins, G. A. (2007). Ghana’s neglected chronic disease epidemic: A developmental challenge. Ghana Medical Journal, 41(4), 154–159.

Google Scholar 

de Aikins, G. A., Kushitor, M., Koram, K., Gyamfi, S., & Ogedegbe, G. (2014). Chronic non-communicable diseases and the challenge of universal health coverage: insights from community-based cardiovascular disease research in urban poor communities in Accra, Ghana. BMC Public Health, 14(Suppl 2(Suppl 2)), S3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-S2-S3.

Article  Google Scholar 

Akazili, J., Garshong, B., Aikins, M., Gyapong, J., & McIntyre, D. (2012). Progressivity of health care financing and incidence of service benefits in Ghana. Health Policy and Planning, 27(Suppl. 1), i13–i22. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czs004.

Article  Google Scholar 

Alley, D. E., & Chang, V. W. (2007). The changing relationship of obesity and disability, 1988–2004. Journal of the American Medical Association, 298(17), 2020–2027. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.298.17.2020.

Article  Google Scholar 

Alley, D. E., Ferrucci, L., Barbagallo, M., Studenski, S. A., & Harris, T. B. (2008). A research agenda: The changing relationship between body weight and health in aging. Journals of Gerontology – Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 63(11), 1257–1259. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/63.11.1257.

Article  Google Scholar 

Amegbor, P. M. (2017a). An assessment of care-seeking behavior in Asikuma-Odoben-Brakwa District: A triple pluralistic health sector approach. SAGE Open, 7(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017710688.

Article  Google Scholar 

Amegbor, P. M. (2017b). Understanding usage and preference for health care therapies in a Ghanaian context: A pluralistic perspective. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift – Norwegian Journal of Geography, 71(5), 288–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2017.1340908.

Article  Google Scholar 

Amegbor, P. M., Kuuire, V. Z., Robertson, H., & Kuffuor, O. A. (2018). Predictors of basic self-care and intermediate self-care functional disabilities among older adults in Ghana. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 77(December 2017), 81–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2018.04.006.

Article  Google Scholar 

Amoah, A. G. (2003). Sociodemographic variations in obesity among Ghanaian adults. Public Health Nutrition, 6(8), 751–757. https://doi.org/10.1079/phn2003506.

Article  Google Scholar 

Appiah, L. T., Sarfo, F. S., Agyemang, C., Tweneboah, H. O., Appiah, N. A. B. A., Bedu-Addo, G., & Opare-Sem, O. (2017). Current trends in admissions and outcomes of cardiac diseases in Ghana. Clinical Cardiology, 40(10), 783–788. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.22753.

Article  Google Scholar 

Apt, N. A. (2002). Ageing and the changing role of the family and the community: An African perspective. International Social Security Review, 55(1), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-246X.00113.

Article  Google Scholar 

Arthur, E. (2012). Wealth and antenatal care use: Implications for maternal health care utilisation in Ghana. Health Economics Review, 2(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/2191-1991-2-14.

Article  Google Scholar 

Aryeetey, G. C., Jehu-Appiah, C., Kotoh, A. M., Spaan, E., Arhinful, D. K., Baltussen, R., van der Geest, S., & Agyepong, I. A. (2013). Community concepts of poverty: An application to premium exemptions in Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme. Globalization and Health, 9(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-9-12.

Article  Google Scholar 

BeLue, R., Okoror, T. A., Iwelunmor, J., Taylor, K. D., Degboe, A. N., Agyemang, C., & Ogedegbe, G. (2009). An overview of cardiovascular risk factor burden in sub-Saharan African countries: A socio-cultural perspective. Globalization and Health, 5, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-5-10.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bertakis, K. D., Azari, R., Callahan, E. J., & Robbins, J. A. (2000). Gender differences in the utilization of health care services. The Journal of Family Practice, 49, 147.

Google Scholar 

Blanchet, N. J., Fink, G., & Osei-Akoto, I. (2012). The effect of Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme on health care utilisation. Ghana Medical Journal, 46(2), 76–84.

Google Scholar 

Boakye, J., Mensah, D., Sakhuja, S., Jolly, P. E., & Akinyemiju, T. (2017). Socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of Cardiometabolic risk factors in Ghanaian women. Annal of Global Health, 83(3–4), 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2017.05.004.

Article  Google Scholar 

Böckerman, P., & Maczulskij, T. (2016). The education-health Nexus: Fact and fiction. Social Science and Medicine, 150, 112–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.12.036.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bonate, P. L. (2011). Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling and simulation(second). New York: Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9485-1.

Book  Google Scholar 

Buor, D. (2002). Distance as a predominant factor in the utilisation of health services in the Kumasi metropolis, Ghana. GeoJournal, 56(2), 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022452311911.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chatterji, S., & Kowal, P. (2010). WHO study on global ageing and adult health ( SAGE): Wave 1, 2007–2010. Ann Arbor: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR31381.v1.

Book  Google Scholar 

Dalal, S., Beunza, J. J., Volmink, J., Adebamowo, C., Bajunirwe, F., Njelekela, M., Mozaffarian, D., Fawzi, W., Willett, W., Adami, H. O., & Holmes, M. D. (2011). Non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: What we know now. International Journal of Epidemiology, 40(4), 885–901. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr050.

Article  Google Scholar 

Damasceno, A., Azevedo, A., Silva-Matos, C., Prista, A., Diogo, D., & Lunet, N. (2009). Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in Mozambique: Urban/rural gap during epidemiological transition. Hypertension, 54(1), 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.132423.

Article  Google Scholar 

Danquah, I., Bedu-Addo, G., Terpe, K.-J., Micah, F., Amoako, Y. A., Awuku, Y. A., Dietz, E., van der Giet, M., Spranger, J., & Mockenhaupt, F. P. (2012). Diabetes mellitus type 2 in urban Ghana: Characteristics and associated factors. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 210. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-210.

Article  Google Scholar 

Davies, A., Cifaldi, M. A., Segurado, O. G., & Weisman, M. H. (2009). Cost-effectiveness of sequential therapy with tumor necrosis factor antagonists in early rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Rheumatology, 36(1), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.080257.

Article  Google Scholar 

Depalma, G., Xu, H., Covinsky, K. E., Craig, B. A., Stallard, E., Thomas, J., & Sands, L. P. (2013). Hospital readmission among older adults who return home with unmet need for ADL disability. The Gerontologist, 53(3), 454–461. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gns103.

Article  Google Scholar 

Dotchin, C. L., Akinyemi, R. O., Gray, W. K., & Walker, R. W. (2013). Geriatric medicine: Services and training in Africa. Age and Ageing, 42(1), 124–128. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afs119.

Article  Google Scholar 

Eliason, S., Baiden, F., Quansah-Asare, G., Graham-Hayfron, Y., Bonsu, D., Phillips, J., & Awusabo-Asare, K. (2013). Factors influencing the intention of women in rural Ghana to adopt postpartum family planning. Reproductive Health, 10(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4755-10-34.

Article  Google Scholar 

Garay, A. M., Hashimoto, E. M., Ortega, E. M. M., & Lachos, V. H. (2011). On estimation and influence diagnostics for zero-inflated negative binomial regression models. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 55(3), 1304–1318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2010.09.019.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ghana Statistical Service. (2013). 2010 Population & Housing Census Report: The elderly in Ghana. Accra: Ghana Statistical Service. Retrieved from http://ageafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/2012-Population-Housing-Report-on-the-Elderly-in-Ghana.pdf.

Goldman, D., & Smith, J. P. (2011). The increasing value of education to health. Social Science and Medicine, 72(10), 1728–1737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.02.047.

Article  Google Scholar 

Green, C. A., & Pope, C. R. (1999). Gender, psychosocial factors and the use of medical services: A longitudinal analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 48(10), 1363–1372. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00440-7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Griffith, L., Raina, P., Wu, H., Zhu, B., & Stathokostas, L. (2010). Population attributable risk for functional disability associated with chronic conditions in Canadian older adults. Age and Ageing, 39(6), 738–745. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afq105.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hass, Z., DePalma, G., Craig, B. A., Xu, H., & Sands, L. P. (2015). Unmet need for help with activities of daily living disabilities and emergency department admissions among older medicare recipients. The Gerontologist, 00(00), gnv142. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnv142.

Article  Google Scholar 

Jehu-Appiah, C., Aryeetey, G., Spaan, E., de Hoop, T., Agyepong, I., & Baltussen, R. (2011). Equity aspects of the National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana: Who is enrolling, who is not and why? Social Science & Medicine, 72(2), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.10.025.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kakwani, N., & Subbarao, K. (2005). Ageing and poverty in Africa and the role of social pensions. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/108461468194045007/Ageing-and-poverty-in-Africa-and-the-role-of-social-pensions.

Kankeu, H. T., & Ventelou, B. (2016). Socioeconomic inequalities in informal payments for health care: An assessment of the “Robin Hood” hypothesis in 33 African countries. Social Science and Medicine, 151, 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.01.015.

Article  Google Scholar 

Khoury, A. J., Hall, A., Andresen, E., Zhang, J., Ward, R., & Jarjoura, C. (2013). The association between chronic disease and physical disability among female Medicaid beneficiaries 18–64 years of age. Disability and Health Journal, 6(2), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2012.11.006.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kissah-Korsah, K. (2008). Spatial accessibility to health care facilities in the Ajumako-Enyan-Essiam and upper Denkyira districts in the central region of Ghana. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift – Norwegian Journal of Geography, 62(3), 203–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/00291950802335822.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lee, J. H., Han, G., Fulp, W. J., & Giuliano, A. R. (2012). Analysis of overdispersed count data: Application to the human papillomavirus infection in men (HIM) study. Epidemiology and Infection, 140(6), 1087–1094. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095026881100166X.

Article  Google Scholar 

Martin, L. G., & Schoeni, R. F. (2014). Trends in disability and related chronic conditions among the forty-and-over population: 1997–2010. Disability and Health Journal, 7(1 SUPPL), S4–S14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2013.06.007.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mba, C. J. (2010). Population ageing in Ghana: Research gaps and the way forward. Journal of Aging Research, 2010. https://doi.org/10.4061/2010/672157.

Minicuci, N., Biritwum, R. B., Mensah, G., Yawson, A. E., Naidoo, N., Chatterji, S., & Kowal, P. (2014). Sociodemographic and socioeconomic patterns of chronic non-communicable disease among the older adult population in Ghana. Global Health Action, 7, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.21292.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mustard, C. A., Kaufert, P., Kozyrskyj, A., & Mayer, T. (1998). Sex differences in the use of health care services. New England Journal of Medicine, 338(23), 1678–1683. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199806043382307.

Article  Google Scholar